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	<title>Health &#38; FamilyCategory: Behavior &#124; Health &#38; Family &#124; TIME.com</title>
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	<description>A healthy balance of the mind, body and spirit</description>
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		<title>Health &#38; FamilyCategory: Behavior &#124; Health &#38; Family &#124; TIME.com</title>
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		<title>10,000 Hours May Not Make a Master After All</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/05/20/10000-hours-may-not-make-a-master-after-all/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/05/20/10000-hours-may-not-make-a-master-after-all/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 May 2013 17:48:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Maia Szalavitz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Intelligence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[10000 hour rule]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Anders Ericsson]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[becoming a master]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[genius]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[intelligence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Malcolm Gladwell]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mastery]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[practice]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[proficiency]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Scott Barry Kaufman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Zach Hambrick]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=86952</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[There are many roads to greatness, but logging 10,000 hours of practice to help you perfect a skill may not be sufficient. Based on research suggesting that practice is the essence of genius, best-selling author Malcolm Gladwell popularized the idea that 10,000 hours of appropriately guided practice was “the magic number of greatness,” regardless of a person&#8217;s natural aptitude. With enough practice, he claimed in his book Outliers, anyone could achieve a level of proficiency that would rival that of a professional. It was just a matter of putting in the time. But in the years since Gladwell first pushed the &#8220;10,000-hours rule,&#8221; researchers have engaged in a spirited debate over what that rule entails. It&#8217;s clear that not just any practice, but only dedicated and intensive honing of skills that counts. And is there magic in that 10,000th hour? In an attempt to answer some of these questions, and to delve further into how practice leads to mastery, Zach Hambrick, associate professor of psychology at Michigan State University, and his colleagues decided to study musicians and chess players. It helps that both skills are amenable to such analysis because players can be ranked almost objectively. So in their research, which was published in the journal Intelligence, they reanalyzed data from 14 studies of top chess players and musicians. They found that for musicians, only 30% of the variance in their rankings as performers could be accounted for by how much time they spent practicing. For chess players, practice only accounted for 34% of what determined the rank of a master player. “We looked at the two most widely studied domains of expertise research: chess and music,” says Hambrick. “It’s clear from this data that deliberate practice doesn’t account for all, nearly all or even most of the variance in performance in chess and music.” Two-thirds of the difference, in fact, was unrelated to practice. And while one player took two years to become a grandmaster; another achieved that level only after 26 years, giving them huge variance in the hours<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=86952&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Behavior</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/behavior/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/05/200213804-001-1a.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">200213804-001 (1)a</media:title>
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		<media:content url="http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0a5ac57e99124922fa628492ad3db6b2?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">MaiaSzalavitz</media:title>
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		<item>
		<title>U.S. Panel Finds Little Evidence to Support Universal Screening For Suicide</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/04/24/u-s-panel-says-theres-not-evidence-to-support-suicide-screening/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/04/24/u-s-panel-says-theres-not-evidence-to-support-suicide-screening/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 24 Apr 2013 17:00:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Alexandra Sifferlin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[suicide screening]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[suicides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USPSTF]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=85130</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Experts say that existing screening methods can identify at-risk individuals, but such tools may not help to prevent suicides. According to the latest government statistics, more than 38,000 people commit suicide each year, so in 2004, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) analyzed studies on existing suicide screening methods to determine if it made sense for primary care physicians, who are the most likely to see adults on a regular basis and detect any changes in mental state, to start screening for those at risk of taking their own lives. Studies showed that 38% of adults and 90% of adolescents who committed suicide had visited their primary care physician within the previous year. At the time, however, the panel did not find enough evidence to recommend such universal screening. And even now, following another review that included 56 studies on suicide screening published since the previous recommendation, the task force found little evidence that widespread screening would lead to a decline in suicide rates. The studies included tools such as the Suicide Risk Screen, which uses a 20-item assessment embedded in a larger questionnaire administered in high schools to students at risk of dropping out, and a method that incorporates three suicide-related items that doctors assess among patients in a primary care setting. While these tools can help to identify at-risk adults, there&#8217;s no evidence that such identification actually prevented suicide in adults. For adolescents, the USPSTF concluded that no proven tools to assess risk exist yet. (MORE: Military Suicide: Help for Families Worried About Their Service Member) The problem, the task force found, was that screening processes varied widely, with some used for high school students ranging considerably in accuracy. Before routine screening can yield benefits in lowering suicide rates, such screens need to become more accurate, and the researchers say that more data is needed to evaluate the efficacy of these screens, particularly among adolescents without a history of mental illness who are at average-risk of suicide. The screens also aren&#8217;t refined enough to determine which at-risk individuals are most<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=85130&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://healthland.time.com/2013/04/24/u-s-panel-says-theres-not-evidence-to-support-suicide-screening/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Behavior</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/behavior/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/166678518.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">166678518</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">asifferlin</media:title>
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		<item>
		<title>Can Giving Be Good for Getting Ahead?</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/04/05/can-giving-be-good-for-getting-ahead/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/04/05/can-giving-be-good-for-getting-ahead/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 05 Apr 2013 15:00:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Maia Szalavitz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Viewpoint]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[altruism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[generosity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[giving]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[inequality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[life expectancy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[poor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[poverty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[social support]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[success]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wealth gap]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wealthy]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=83960</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Sharing and caring can be good for the soul, but what about the bottom line? A recent New York Times Magazine piece explored this question, spotlighting a business professor who sees helping others as a path to the top. Adam Grant, the youngest tenured professor at Wharton, studies how generosity improves productivity, and uses his own early success and publishing record as a case in point. In the story headlined, “Is Giving the Secret to Getting Ahead?” Susan Dominus writes: For Grant, helping is not the enemy of productivity, a time-sapping diversion from the actual work at hand; it is the mother lode, the motivator that spurs increased productivity and creativity. In some sense, he has built a career in professional motivation by trying to unpack the puzzle of his own success. He has always helped; he has always been productive. How, he has wondered for most of his professional life, does the interplay of those two factors work for everyone else? MORE: How Disasters and Trauma Can Affect Children&#8217;s Empathy Grant’s research began with a personal observation. In a student job, he worked harder selling ads for a travel guide series when he considered how the company’s success allowed a close colleague to stay employed to pay for college. When he saw his work as helpful and collaborative, he put more into it. Indeed, he soon sold the largest advertising package in the company’s history and was promoted at 19 to advertising director. Grant used that insight about his own motivation to try to increase donations collected by a college call center that solicited money for scholarships.  He brought in one of the grateful award winners, and asked him to describe to the sales staff how much the financial support had mattered to him. A study he published on the center showed that following the talk with someone who benefited from their work, the revenue raised by the workers increased by 400 percent. MORE: We Day: Inspiring Children to Give Back Grant’s other research also supports the idea that<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=83960&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Viewpoint</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/viewpoint/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/wp_gift_0405.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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		<media:content url="http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/wp_gift_0405.jpg?w=240" medium="image" />

		<media:content url="http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0a5ac57e99124922fa628492ad3db6b2?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">MaiaSzalavitz</media:title>
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	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Young Kids Know How to Share but Choose Not To</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/04/04/young-kids-know-how-to-share-but-chose-not-to/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/04/04/young-kids-know-how-to-share-but-chose-not-to/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Apr 2013 14:00:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bonnie Rochman</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Childhood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Family & Parenting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[childhood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[children]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[early childhood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[empathy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[prekindergarten]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[preschool]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sharing]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=83838</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Learning to share is one thing, but getting children to do it is another. From early on, moms and dads drill the importance of taking turns and sharing toys and other bounty into their young charges; sharing, after all, shows caring. But as any social scientist can tell you, the gap between knowing how to act and actually doing it can be vast, which was confirmed by the latest study on how young children learn the rules of sharing. The good news first: even kids as young as age 3 understand that sharing is important. The bad news? They don’t really care. Although preschoolers can appreciate sharing as a social norm, they don’t really embrace the principle until they’re at least 7, according to the study, published in the journal PLOS One. “Sharing is a hot topic,” says Craig Smith, lead author and a postdoctoral fellow in the University of Michigan’s department of psychology. “If you look at studies that show what kids fight about, it’s sharing. Given a resource and the chance to split it equally, they don’t share.” Smith&#8217;s is the first study to ask children both about their sharing sentiments in theory and — regardless of how they felt about it — whether they did it in practice. “We were able to reveal the gap between what kids say they want to do and what they do,” says Smith. The researchers used a childhood favorite — stickers — to reach their conclusion. To pump up the desirability factor, they used scratch-and-sniff varieties. “We tried to up the excitement level with the smell,” explains Smith. When he gave a group of 102 children ages 3 to 8 these stickers and asked them their opinion of sharing, all of the kids said they should divide the stickers equally and that other kids should do the same. But when the proverbial push came to shove, the younger kids warmed to sharing only in theory. It wasn’t until they reached ages 7 to 8 that they practiced what they preached. (MORE: How<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=83838&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Childhood</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/family-parenting/childhood/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/108970753.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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		<media:content url="http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/ccc18529897902c0767bf2d7d088828e?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">brochman</media:title>
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		<item>
		<title>Study Shows Seeing Smiles Can Lower Aggression</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/04/04/study-shows-seeing-smiles-can-lower-aggression/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/04/04/study-shows-seeing-smiles-can-lower-aggression/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Apr 2013 11:00:08 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Maia Szalavitz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Perception]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Teens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aggression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[emotion perception]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[juvenile delinquency]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[teen violence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[teens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[violence]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=83812</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A happy face can certainly lift spirits, but can it reduce rage? Studies have documented that the physical act of smiling is a universal, and effective way to lift mood, if briefly. But in the latest research on the power of the smile, researchers led by Marcus Munafo of the University of Bristol in England found that even seeing smiles on the faces of others can have a profound effect on a person&#8217;s tendency toward violence or aggression— that is, as long as that person recognizes the smile as one of happiness, and not as a sneer. Munafo and his colleagues conducted a series of experiments involving normal adults as well as highly aggressive teens who had been referred to a youth program, either by educational authorities or the courts. About 70% of the teens already had a criminal record. (MORE: How to Lift Your Mood? Try Smiling) In the first experiment, 40 healthy adults, aged 18-30, looked at computer images of faces that had been morphed to show facial expressions that ranged from happy to angry with increasingly difficult to discern expressions in between. Participants were asked how angry they felt and then had to rate the images as displaying either happiness or anger — there was no option for “ambiguous” or “unable to tell.” From these ratings, the scientists were able to generate a score of their biases toward happiness or anger as reflected by where the volunteers decided that happiness ended and anger began. Previous research found that aggressive people — including violent offenders — tend to interpret even neutral expressions as hostile: “You looking at me?” can easily turn what would have been a nonevent into a tragic confrontation, so preventing such misinterpretations could have important implications. (MORE: Brain Scans Can Predict Which Criminals Are Likely to Get Re-Arrested) Based on their initial scores, half of the healthy participants were then told by the computer that some of the ambiguous faces that they had rated as angry should have been scored as happy. This was intended<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=83812&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Behavior</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/behavior/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/78701021.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">78701021</media:title>
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		<media:content url="http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0a5ac57e99124922fa628492ad3db6b2?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">MaiaSzalavitz</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Why Overheard Cell Phone Conversations Are So Annoying</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/03/14/why-overheard-cell-phone-conversations-are-so-annoying/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/03/14/why-overheard-cell-phone-conversations-are-so-annoying/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 14 Mar 2013 17:00:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Alexandra Sifferlin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cell phones]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[distraction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[eavesdropping]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[phone conversation]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=82258</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The latest research shows that overhearing one-sided exchanges is more distracting than eavesdropping on a conversation between two people. With people spending an estimated 2.30 trillion minutes on their collective cell phones in the past year, it&#8217;s no wonder that you&#8217;ve been party to an unwanted conversation or two. You know one ones — the loud exchange in the checkout line over the previous night&#8217;s festivities, or the keep-in-the-bedroom sweet nothings that, inexplicably, just have to be expressed in a restaurant within earshot of nearby diners. And the latest research shows that you can&#8217;t help yourself in picking up on these one-sided conversations. Report in the journal PLOS ONE, scientists say that one-sided cell phone conversations are more distracting than overhearing a conversation between two people. The researchers, from the University of San Diego, recruited 164 undergraduate students to complete an assignment involving anagrams. While they were concentrating on the task, the scientists held a scripted conversation that the participants were meant to overhear about furniture shopping, a birthday party, a meeting or a date at the mall. Half of the students overheard the only half of the conversation, as a researcher conducted it over the phone, while the other half heard both sides as it happened between two of the team members in an adjacent room. (MORE: 13 Ways to Beat Distractions and Stay Focused at Work) Afterwards, the participants were tested on how well they performed their anagram task as well as how much of the overheard conversation they recalled. Both groups had similar scores on the anagram test, but the group that overhead the cell phone conversation was better able to remember the content of the conversation, as well as more words from the exchange, than those who eavesdropped on the two-sided conversation. The students who overheard the one-sided conversation also said it was more noticeable and distracting, and they were more surprised that the conversation took place than the students who listened to the two-sided conversation. The participants who listened to the one-sided conversation were also more likely to<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=82258&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Behavior</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/behavior/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/103801596.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">103801596</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">asifferlin</media:title>
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		<item>
		<title>Judge in Aurora Case Calls for Use of &#8216;Truth Serum&#8217;— But Does It Work?</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/03/13/judge-in-aurora-case-calls-for-use-of-truth-serum-but-does-it-work/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/03/13/judge-in-aurora-case-calls-for-use-of-truth-serum-but-does-it-work/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 13 Mar 2013 17:08:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Maia Szalavitz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Drugs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aurora shooting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[barbiturates]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[colorado shootings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[insanity defense]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[james holmes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mental illness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[narcoanalysis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sodium amytal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sodium pentothalare]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[truth serum]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=82226</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[If accused Aurora mass shooter James Holmes wants to enter a plea of insanity in the “Batman” movie theater massacre, he will have to agree to narcoanalysis. That&#8217;s the ruling from judge William Sylvester, who made the narcoanalysis— in which defendants are injected with drugs to lower their inhibitions and presumably be more willing to tell the truth about their alleged crimes under questioning by prosecutors — a condition of an insanity plea. At Holmes&#8217; arraignment on Tuesday, he and his attorneys said they were not ready to enter a plea so Sylvester entered a standard not guilty plea on Holmes&#8217; behalf; Holmes&#8217; attorneys can still enter an insanity plea later, with the judge&#8217;s approval. (MORE: Judge Enters Not Guilty Plea on Behalf of Colorado Shooter) Experts were surprised by the legal determination that “truth serum” could be required in order for Holmes to use the insanity defense. They say that drugs touted for “narcoanalysis,” which typically include the barbiturates sodium amytal and sodium pentothal, are are not effective  and certainly not reliable enough to meet legal standards of evidence. “I was floored by it,” says Scott Lilienfeld, professor of psychology at Emory University upon learning of the ruling, “The claim that truth serum is truth serum is no longer taken seriously by anyone in the scientific community to my knowledge.”  Moreover, Colorado is one of the states that apply the &#8220;Daubert&#8221; standard, in which scientific evidence can be disputed by the defense or prosecution.  It requires that evidence meet certain standards to be admissible. To pass the Daubert test, truth serum would have to be widely accepted in the scientific community and research literature and its use would have to yield a known error rate, both standards that experts say narcoanalysis does not meet. “In my view, it would not stand up,” says Lilienfeld. But a former prosecutor, now a law professor at the University of Colorado and defense attorney, Karen Steinhauser, told CBS News that the technique is allowed under Colorado law. However, it is used so rarely she<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=82226&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Drugs</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/drugs/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/163564931.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">The arraignment for Aurora theater shooting suspect James Holmes</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0a5ac57e99124922fa628492ad3db6b2?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">MaiaSzalavitz</media:title>
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		<item>
		<title>&#8220;Sticks And Stones:&#8221; Does Facebook and Twitter Give Bullying More Power?</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/02/22/sticks-and-stones-does-facebook-and-twitter-give-bullying-more-power/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/02/22/sticks-and-stones-does-facebook-and-twitter-give-bullying-more-power/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 22 Feb 2013 18:00:35 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Alexandra Sifferlin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Family & Parenting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parenting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bullying]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cyberbullying]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Emily Bazelon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sticks and Stones]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=80890</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In Emily Bazelon&#8217;s latest book, &#8220;Sticks and Stones,&#8221; the senior editor for Slate argues that the Internet and social media make teen bullying more vicious and challenging to control. In an interview with the New York Times, Bazelon acknowledges parents&#8217; role in navigating bullying as a tough one: &#8220;It’s obviously a huge challenge for parents, finding the balance you strike between protecting kids and expecting them to be a little bit tough, and learn how to stand up for themselves. It starts with that base idea that you have to know your kid, and know what they’re capable of, and give them room to do what they can do — not step in reflexively whenever there’s a problem. I think that builds some resilience in,&#8221; she says. Teaching kids how to safely live on social media is important, as is allowing them to experience some of the painful parts of growing up, but research published this week shows that the effects of bullying are long-lasting and can even lead to psychiatric problems in adulthood. Individuals who reported being involved in bullying experienced anxiety, depression, and drug and alcohol abuse or addiction into adulthood. In discussing the study, study author William Copeland of Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina told me: “Bullying is not just a part of childhood, or some sort of a harmless activity between peers. This is actually something that has very detrimental, and very long lasting effects&#8230;What this study really suggests is that what goes on at school, and what goes on between peers, may be just as important in understanding their long-term function as what goes on at home. In childhood, when kids are in school, they spend a lot more time with their peers than they do with their parents so we should not be so surprised about this. When we see kids having trouble, we tend to ask them about things going on at home and we don’t tend to ask them how they’re getting along with their peers and whether they’re the victim of bullying. I think we need<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=80890&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Behavior</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/behavior/</primary_category_link><letterbox>1</letterbox><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/9780812992809_p0_v1_s600.jpeg?w=238</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">9780812992809_p0_v1_s600</media:title>
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		<media:content url="http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/dd9dc95ff828efb70c16a5a509a75150?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">asifferlin</media:title>
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		<title>Lasting Legacy of Childhood Bullying: Psychiatric Problems In Adulthood</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/02/21/lasting-legacy-of-childhood-bullying-psychiatric-problems-in-adulthood/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/02/21/lasting-legacy-of-childhood-bullying-psychiatric-problems-in-adulthood/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 21 Feb 2013 13:00:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Alexandra Sifferlin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Childhood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Family & Parenting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Illness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[agoraphobia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[anxiety]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bullies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bullying]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[generalized anxiety]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[panic disorder]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[psychiatric disorders]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[suicidal]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=80621</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It&#8217;s not just the victims of bullying that experience long-term consequences; bullies themselves are also at risk of mental health issues later in life. In a study published in JAMA Psychiatry, researchers report that bullying can have serious consequences on childhood development, and shouldn&#8217;t be dismissed as simply a playground rite-of-passage. Starting in 1993, the scientists followed over 1,400 children at three different ages — 9, 11 and 13, and interviewed them and their caregivers every year until the kids turned 16. Based on the interviews, they categorized the kids into four groups: victims only, bullies only, both bullies and victims, or neither. To determine the long-term effects of bullying, the researchers re-interviewed the participants when they were ages 19, 21, 24 and 26, and evaluted them for a wide range of different psychiatric disorders. (MORE: The Relationship Between Bullying and Depression: It’s Complicated) &#8220;Bullying is not just a part of childhood, or some sort of a harmless activity between peers. This is actually something that has very detrimental, and very long lasting effects,&#8221; says study author William Copeland of Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina. All three groups who reported being involved in bullying experienced some long-term psychiatric effects in the form of anxiety, depressive, or antisocial personality disorders, or some type of alcohol or marijuana abuse. After controlling for family hardships that might also make these mental health issues more likely, the researchers found distinct patterns of psychiatric problems that distinguished the bullies from their victims. Victims of bullying were nearly three times as likely to have issues with generalized anxiety as those who were not bullied, and 4.6 times as likely to suffer from panic attacks, or agoraphobia, in which they felt trapped or had no escape, compared to those who were spared bullying. Bullies themselves showed a four times higher risk of antisocial personality disorder as adults compared to those who did not bully others, and children who reported being both bullies and victims seemed to fare the worst of all; these participants showed a nearly five times greater risk<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=80621&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>3</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Behavior</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/behavior/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/138539870.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">138539870</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">asifferlin</media:title>
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		<title>Oscar Pistorius&#8217; Possible Defense: Was it &#8216;Roid Rage&#8217;?</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/02/19/oscar-pistorius-possible-defense-was-it-roid-rage/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/02/19/oscar-pistorius-possible-defense-was-it-roid-rage/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 19 Feb 2013 19:34:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Alexandra Sifferlin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Drugs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Men's Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[blade runner]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[olympics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oscar Pistorius]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[paraolympian]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[paraolympics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[reeva steenkamp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[roid rage]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[steroids]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=80470</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Reports emerge that steroids may have been found at Pistorius&#8217; home the night he shot and killed his girlfriend. Police sources told the South Africa Times that drugs and syringes were found in a drawer in Pistorius&#8217; bedroom. Pistorius admitted to fatally shooting girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp on Valentine&#8217;s Day but claimed  he mistook her for an intruder. He was immediately taken for blood and urine tests after his arrest on Feb. 14. The paper reports that the Olympian&#8217;s lawyers may be considering a &#8220;roid rage&#8221; defense, arguing that Pistorius was under the influence of  steroids, which can cause paranoia, jealousy, aggression and irritability, when he shot Steenkamp. Although Steven Tuson, a professor of criminal law at Johannesburg&#8217;s Wits University told Reuters that a &#8220;roid rage&#8221; defense is unlikely to succeed, there is some evidence that synthetic versions of naturally-occurring steroids could trigger unusually aggressive behavior. (PHOTOS: Oscar Pistorius On and Off the Track) Human studies exploring this connection, however, are limited. In a 2008 study, Kevin Beaver, an associate professor at The Florida State University College of Criminology and Criminal Justice and his colleagues analyzed data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health involving 20,000 participants and found that steroid users were approximately twice as likely to engage in violent behavior, such as getting into physical fights. Another study from researchers at Northeastern University revealed that hamsters using steroids behaved more aggressively, and had significantly lower levels of the &#8220;feel good&#8221; receptor, serotonin, in areas of the brain related to aggression and violence. Still, the extent to which steroid abuse contributes to violence remains unknown. There are not enough human studies to determine how much of an influence steroids play in triggering aggressive responses vs. other circumstances or factors that steroid-takers might share in common, and who might be most vulnerable to the effects of the drugs. &#8220;I think part of the reason for a lot of debate coming out is that we simply don’t know the [biological] mechanisms. If we did, there would be a lot more consensus,&#8221; says Beaver. (MORE: ‘Blade Runner’ Oscar Pistorius Charged with Murder of<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=80470&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Behavior</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/behavior/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/162124458.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
		<media:thumbnail url="http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/162124458.jpg?w=240" />
		<media:content url="http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/162124458.jpg?w=240" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Bail Hearing Held As Oscar Pistorius Contests Murder Charge</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/dd9dc95ff828efb70c16a5a509a75150?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">asifferlin</media:title>
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		<title>Registries Don&#8217;t Keep Sex Offenders from Restricted Areas</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/02/01/registries-dont-keep-sex-offenders-from-restricted-areas/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/02/01/registries-dont-keep-sex-offenders-from-restricted-areas/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 01 Feb 2013 17:00:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Maia Szalavitz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Adam Walsh Act]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[child sex abuse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[crime]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[recidivism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sex offender registries]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sex offenders]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=79374</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Laws requiring sex offenders to register with local authorities are meant to discourage them from moving into the neighborhoods, but the latest study shows they may not be having the desired deterrent effect. The research provides new information on the contentious question of whether public sex offender registries and housing restrictions actually improve public safety.  Housing restrictions typically bar offenders from living near schools, daycare centers or other sites likely to have a high concentration of children who may become victims.  As of 2011,  nearly 750,000 registered sex offenders were listed in the U.S., whose names can be searched in state and federal registries. But the latest analysis shows that offenders change residences frequently and that over the course of a 30 month period, a third will move into areas where they are not legally allowed to live. MORE: Letting Victims Track Tormentors Researchers led by Alan Murray of Arizona State University studied over 1,000 registered offenders in Hamilton County, Ohio, in the Cincinnati region, at four time periods between 2005 through 2007. They found that in 2005, 41% of sex offenders in the registry lived in a restricted zone, but after December of 2006, only 30% did. The authors suggest that this 11% reduction resulted from “more stringent enforcement of registry restrictions,” which involved actual evictions carried out under an initiative of the local sheriff and prosecutor.  Another factor that might account for some of the decrease included the passage in 2006 of the Adam Walsh Act, which received wide publicity and created a national registry that requires the most risky offenders to sign in and update their information every three months. MORE: A Move to Register Sex Offenders Globally But enforcement isn&#8217;t always possible, and other findings in their data make the research far more equivocal.  The first was that 65% of offenders moved at least once during the 2.5 year study period, and prior research suggests that not having stable housing increases the risk of offending or failing to register. Second, many of these offenders resided in<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=79374&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Behavior</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/behavior/</primary_category_link>
		<media:content url="http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0a5ac57e99124922fa628492ad3db6b2?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">MaiaSzalavitz</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>ADHD Diagnoses Continue to Climb</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/22/adhd-diagnoses-continue-to-climb/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/22/adhd-diagnoses-continue-to-climb/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 22 Jan 2013 20:41:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Laura Blue</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[ADHD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Childhood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Race]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hyperactivity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kaiser permanente]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[racial disparity]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=78444</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[As more children are diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), researchers continue to struggle with understanding whether the rise is real, or primarily driven by greater awareness of the condition. In the latest analysis, the rate of new cases of ADHD in California between 2001 and 2010 climbed for both sexes and for most ethnic and racial groups for children between the ages of 5 to 11. But that rise doesn&#8217;t address what&#8217;s behind the growing number of cases. Are more kids truly suffering from hyperactivity and attention deficits, or are we simply better at catching children who show any symptoms? The new research, published in JAMA Pediatrics, is among the first to offer hints at an answer. The study is not the first to suggest that ADHD diagnosis may be increasingly common, but it has important advantages over previous work, says the study&#8217;s lead author, Dr. Darios Getahun of Kaiser Permanente Southern California. For example, instead of counting all cases reported by parents and teachers (who may make mistakes and either under- or over-report cases), the new study counts only confirmed medical diagnoses by doctors. The new study also includes more children than earlier ones, by pooling health-record data from more than 840,000 kids enrolled in a health plan with the non-profit Kaiser Permanente Southern California. Those children resemble the general population of youngsters in California, Getahun says, and the study group is large enough that researchers could look not just at trends overall, but also at trends broken down by race, age group, sex, and more. And that provides some insights into whether susceptibility to ADHD itself is all that&#8217;s changing, or whether our diagnostic criteria are changing too. MORE: Mom&#8217;s Exposure to Mercury Linked to Kids&#8217; ADHD Symptoms Overall, the study found that 2.5% of kids aged 5 to 11 received a new ADHD diagnosis in the year 2001. Ten years later, in 2010, that number had risen to 3.1%, a relative increase of 24% even after the scientists adjusted for factors such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, and neighborhood<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=78444&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>ADHD</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/adhd/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/adhd_0122.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
		<media:thumbnail url="http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/adhd_0122.jpg?w=240" />
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		<media:content url="http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a069e8b4ff0dc386def0882f71bbfee6?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Laura Blue</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
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		<title>How Disasters and Trauma Can Affect Children&#8217;s Empathy</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/22/how-disasters-and-trauma-can-affect-childrens-empathy/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/22/how-disasters-and-trauma-can-affect-childrens-empathy/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 22 Jan 2013 13:00:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Maia Szalavitz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Childhood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Empathy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stress]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Trauma]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[altruism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[child development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[disaster]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[disasters]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[earthquake]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[empathy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kindness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[selfishness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sichuan earthquake]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=78221</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Do children become more kind and empathetic after a disaster— or does the experience make them more focus more on self-preservation? The first study to examine the question in an experimental way shows that children&#8217;s reactions may depend on their age. The ability to study the altruistic and empathetic tendencies of youth before and after a natural disaster emerged after an earthquake struck in May 2008 in Mianyang, China. Scientists from the U.S. and Canada were already collaborating with Chinese researchers in the town in Sichuan province on a study of altruistic behavior when the earthquake, which measured 8.0 on the Richter scale, killed some 87,000 people, including many children. MORE: How Disasters Bring Out Our Kindness The original study was designed to track sharing behavior among a group of 30 six-year-olds and 30 nine-year-olds from impoverished backgrounds in two rural schools. The students each met individually with a researcher who offered them 100 appealing stickers, from which they could choose 10 favorites to keep. They were then given the choice to donate some of the remainder to an anonymous classmate who did not participate in the study. The children placed their donation in a sealed envelope in a “mailbox” while the researcher was blindfolded so the children would think that their donation was anonymous. After the earthquake, the scientists had the unique opportunity to turn a tragedy into a research opportunity. One month after the disaster, they conducted the same test of sharing behavior with another 60 kids of the same age and background from the same schools. Three years later, another 60 students were tested and their choices were compared to those of the earlier groups. Before the quake, both six- and nine-year olds donated similar amounts on average: one to two stickers. But one month later — when 95% were homeless, nearly 2% had lost an immediate family member and 8% had injured relatives — the six-year olds were slightly more selfish, while the nine-year-olds were more generous. At that point, the younger kids gave away an<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=78221&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/22/how-disasters-and-trauma-can-affect-childrens-empathy/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Empathy</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/empathy-mental-health/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/148914578.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
		<media:thumbnail url="http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/148914578.jpg?w=240" />
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			<media:title type="html">148914578</media:title>
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		<media:content url="http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0a5ac57e99124922fa628492ad3db6b2?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">MaiaSzalavitz</media:title>
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		<title>How Scarcity Leads to Spending</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/21/how-scarcity-leads-to-spending/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/21/how-scarcity-leads-to-spending/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 21 Jan 2013 11:00:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Maia Szalavitz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Work & Life]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[debt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[early childhood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[great recession]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[marshmallow test]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[poverty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[recession]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[risk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[savings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[spending]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=78079</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Will economic uncertainty make you save more — or spend more? The answer may depend on your childhood experience, a new study suggests. The research, published in Psychological Science could help explain why poverty can sometimes be so difficult to escape. In two different experiments, researchers led by Vladas Griskevicius of the University of Minnesota studied people who had been raised either in relative financial comfort in middle or upper class households or had had some childhood experience with poverty. In the first experiment, 168 people were shown either images of the current recession—such as houses displaying foreclosure signs and people standing in long unemployment lines— or pictures of natural scenes. They were then asked to make 20 choices, which involved deciding whether they preferred to receive either a small amount of money — $30 — the day after the experiment or a larger amount — $41 — a month later. Another task involved choosing between a guaranteed reward of small amounts of cash or gambling on getting larger, but uncertain monetary rewards later. MORE: Reassessing Risk People who had viewed the nature scenes— no matter what their background— tended to choose later, larger rewards and make safe choices rather than gambling.  But among those who had first viewed recession images, the wealthier and poorer participants made diverging choices:  the better-off participants increased their tendency to go for long term over short term gain, while the poorer ones chose more immediate rewards and made more risky gambles. The second experiment involved 61 participants who either read a purported New York Times article headlined “Tough Times Ahead:  The New Economics of the 21st Century” or an article that appeared as if it came from a similarly reputable source, and, like the first, was also unpleasant and, in addition, potentially boring. It detailed a tale of someone’s lengthy search for lost keys. MORE: How Americans Are Living Dangerously Participants then performed a task designed to measure the appeal of certain branded luxury items such as Rolex watches, Gucci clothing or accessories, or<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=78079&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/21/how-scarcity-leads-to-spending/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Psychology</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/psychology/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/money.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">money</media:title>
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		<media:content url="http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0a5ac57e99124922fa628492ad3db6b2?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">MaiaSzalavitz</media:title>
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		<title>Childhood Trauma Leaves Legacy of Brain Changes</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/16/childhood-trauma-leaves-legacy-of-brain-changes/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/16/childhood-trauma-leaves-legacy-of-brain-changes/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 16 Jan 2013 13:00:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Laura Blue</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Adolescence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Genetics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stress]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Trauma]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[abuse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aggression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aggressive tendencies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[amygdala]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[antidepressants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[behavioral problems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[child abuse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MAOA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[orbitofrontal cortex]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[violence]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=78042</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Painful experiences early in life can alter the brain in lasting ways. A difficult reality for psychiatrists and counselors of child abuse is that young victims are at high risk of becoming offenders themselves one day, although it&#8217;s unclear why. But now a team of behavioral geneticists in Switzerland report a possible reason: early psychological trauma may actually cause lasting changes in the brain that promote aggressive behavior in adulthood. Writing this week Translational Psychiatry, the researchers describe a series or experiments conducted in rats that led them to that conclusion. Animals placed in traumatic, fear-inducing situations around the time of puberty show high and sustained levels of aggression later in life. And while rats cannot substitute for humans, the scared rats also showed changes in hormone levels, brain activity, and genetic expression that appear very similar to traits observed among troubled and unusually violent people. MORE: Watching Mean People on TV Might Turn You Into One The main implication of the research, says study co-author Carmen Sandi, is that it links two previously observed phenomena: the higher rate of aggression among those experiencing early-life stress, and the blunted activation of a brain region known as the orbitofrontal cortex among people with pathological aggression. Social learning, it seems, may not be the only thing that makes abused kids more likely to grow up aggressive. &#8220;This is a key finding which highlights the importance of not only developing social programs and politics, but also of reinforcing research that could offer valid [medical] treatments for individuals that have been victimized early in life,&#8221; says Sandi, the director of the Brain Mind Institute at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, in an email discussing the study. &#8220;We need to understand the neurobiological mechanisms to offer better solutions to break &#8216;the cycle of violence.&#8217;&#8221; In the study, Sandi and colleagues tested the rats for changes in specific regions of the brain following long periods of fear, and then tested a potential treatment to determine if it was possible to undo those brain changes. They began<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=78042&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Trauma</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/trauma-mental-health/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/6484-000046.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">6484-000046</media:title>
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		<media:content url="http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a069e8b4ff0dc386def0882f71bbfee6?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Laura Blue</media:title>
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		<title>Chimps Can Play Fair, Too</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/14/chimps-can-play-fair-too/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/14/chimps-can-play-fair-too/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 14 Jan 2013 20:05:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Nolan Feeney</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychology]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=77864</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Chimpanzees and people already share much when it comes to our evolutionary history, and the latest research shows we have a similar appreciation for fairness as well. A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reveals the first evidence for the trait, which scientists had previously thought was exclusive to higher-thinking Homo sapiens, in chimps. The common ancestral lineage of humans and chimps also means that the discovery could provide insight into how human behavior evolved. Researchers at Emory University’s Yerkes National Primate Research Center and Georgia State University played “the ultimatum game” with chimpanzees to find out if chimps are sensitive to how rewards are divided up after collaborating to obtain them. Chimpanzees, like people, acted more equitably than selfishly when they had to work together to obtain food rewards. (PHOTOS: Primatologist Jane Goodall) That&#8217;s not a complete surprise, given what is already known about chimpanzee social structures. They are social and cooperative animals that work together to hunt, defend their territory and share food. Some studies suggest chimps even keep track of how frequently other chimpanzees support or help them. But while some past studies have suggested that chimpanzees might split shared bounty equitably, none have demonstrated a clear sense of fairness until now. “We were surprised people hadn&#8217;t been able to show it experimentally before given all that anecdotal information that we have, from wild chimpanzees to chimps in captivity,” says Darby Proctor, the study’s first author. In the study, researchers created a modified version of the ultimatum game, a classic test for studying fairness. When the experiment is performed with people, one participant is usually given money that he or she can divide up in any way with a second anonymous participant in another room. If the second participant accepts the offer, both go home happy, but if he or she rejects the offer, neither participant keeps the cash. It’s in the best interest of the first participant to play fair &#8212; if the participant acts too selfishly, he or she might<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=77864&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Behavior</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/behavior/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/ga.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">SONY DSC</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">timecontributor5</media:title>
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		<title>What Bystanders Can Do to Stop Rape</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/11/what-bystanders-can-do-to-stop-rape/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/11/what-bystanders-can-do-to-stop-rape/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 11 Jan 2013 13:00:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Maia Szalavitz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Teens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[adolescence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ohio rape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rape prevention]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sexual violence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sexual violence prevention]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[steubenville rape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[student athletes rape]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[teens]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=77668</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[When a heavily intoxicated 16-year-old girl was taunted, raped and possibly urinated on during an out-of-control night of high school drinking in Steubenville, Ohio, last summer, dozens of other teens had the chance to intervene as she was carried to at least three different house parties. Instead, some took pictures and posted them online, while others turned away as the victim was dragged or carried, apparently unconscious, from one place to another. As the trial of two high school football players accused of the rape approaches, it’s hard not to wonder about those who simply watched. Why didn’t anyone try to stop the assault, even by anonymously dialing 911?  Why did the bystanders apparently egg on the bullying that escalated into rape, seeing the behavior as something to broadcast rather than conceal? And, perhaps more important, how can the inertia of inaction be broken? Unfortunately, bystander inaction is so common that it has been an active area of social-psychology research since 1964, when Kitty Genovese, a 28-year-old New York woman, was stabbed to death on the street in front of witnesses who failed to get help. The original version of the story — that 38 people saw the crime and did nothing — was later found to be inaccurate, with more people calling the police than was initially reported. But cases like Steubenville incident illustrate that bystander inaction persists, especially among teens and young adults. Research now suggests, however, that mobilizing witnesses is not only possible but could be an effective way to prevent these types of crimes from occurring or escalating. (MORE: Steubenville Authorities Launch Website to Dispel Controversy Around High School Rape Case) Hundreds of colleges now offer programs to encourage intervention. “It’s just emerging,” says Sarah McMahon, associate director of the Center on Violence Against Women and Children at Rutgers University, of these efforts. “There are a number of programs now around the country, and the idea is very appealing. So far, the evaluations show that the programs do have a really positive effect both on willingness to<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=77668&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Behavior</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/behavior/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/aa004435.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
		<media:thumbnail url="http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/aa004435.jpg?w=240" />
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			<media:title type="html">AA004435</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0a5ac57e99124922fa628492ad3db6b2?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">MaiaSzalavitz</media:title>
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		<title>Can Dad&#8217;s Distress During Mom&#8217;s Pregnancy Affect Newborns?</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/07/can-dads-distress-during-moms-pregnancy-affect-newborns/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/07/can-dads-distress-during-moms-pregnancy-affect-newborns/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 07 Jan 2013 13:00:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Alexandra Sifferlin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pregnancy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stress]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=77191</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[He doesn&#8217;t carry the child, but a father&#8217;s prenatal anxiety may have an affect on children&#8217;s later behavior. For years, research centered around how a mother&#8217;s mental health could impact her child&#8217;s development, including later behavioral problems, but the latest research suggests that it&#8217;s not just mom&#8217;s mental state that may be important. Although studies on paternal influences are still scarce, a 2011 study, for example, found that a child&#8217;s chance of developing behavioral or emotional problems increases by 11% if his father has signs of depression. But those studies involved children growing up in households with one or more depressed parents. But the current analysis, published in the journal Pediatrics, looked at the role of men&#8217;s mental health during their partner&#8217;s pregnancy, and found a link between dad&#8217;s mental health and their child&#8217;s behavioral development. (MORE: Older Fathers Linked to Kids’ Autism and Schizophrenia Risk) The Norwegian researchers looked at data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study that follows 31,663 children and includes self-reported mental health information from fathers in week 17 or 18 of pregnancy. The scientists found that around four and half months into pregnancy, 3% of fathers reported high levels of psychological distress and this anxiety was strongly linked to their child&#8217;s behavioral problems at age 3. Kids whose fathers had higher levels of distress had more behavioral and emotional issues overall. &#8220;The findings from this study suggest that some risk for future child emotional and behavioral problems can be identified during pregnancy, and as such the results are of importance for health professionals and policy makers in their planning of health care in the prenatal period,&#8221; the study authors write. But how does a father&#8217;s stress influence a growing fetus? The authors offer a couple of speculative reasons. Depression in expectant fathers may impact the mental health of their pregnant partners and cause hormonal changes in mothers that could influence their pregnancy. They also acknowledge that a father&#8217;s mental health prior to the birth is likely to predict his mental health after his child is born, and, as previous studies have<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=77191&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Stress</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/stress/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/baby-mental-health.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
		<media:thumbnail url="http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/baby-mental-health.jpg?w=240" />
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			<media:title type="html">Baby Room</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/dd9dc95ff828efb70c16a5a509a75150?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">asifferlin</media:title>
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		<title>Lasting Legacy of Recessions: Behavior Problems Among Teens</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/03/lasting-legacy-of-recessions-behavior-problems-among-teens/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/03/lasting-legacy-of-recessions-behavior-problems-among-teens/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Jan 2013 13:00:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Olivia B. Waxman</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Addiction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Adolescence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Childhood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Family]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Family & Parenting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Infancy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parenting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Teens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Work & Life]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=77111</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Fiscal cliff negotiations tested everyone&#8217;s patience, but even young children who don&#8217;t understand national budgets may show signs of strain during such economic insecurity. The latest research shows that financial crises such as recessions can adversely affect infants and young children who grow up in an environment of economic instability. Unemployment and reduced household income levels can cause emotional distress among adults and that anxiety can in turn affect how well parents provide for their children — especially if families have fewer resources to provide for their children&#8217;s education as well as attend to their social and physical well-being. (MORE: Unemployment is Hard on the Health, and The Harm May Add Up) A study published this week in the online edition of JAMA Psychiatry finds that infants born during and after the 1980 and 1981-1982 recessions were more likely to develop behavioral problems in adolescence, such as substance abuse and delinquency, than infants born during periods of low unemployment. The data on adolescents was gathered from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, backed in part by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and considered to be a representative sample of U.S. adolescents in that year. Led by Dr. Seethalakshmi Ramanathan of the State University of New York&#8217;s Upstate Medical University, researchers collected information from about 8,984 youth born between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 1984, including data on their family, community, criminal and delinquent backgrounds. Two recessions occurred during this time, pushing national unemployment rates from 6.6% to 11.4%. The adolescents, aged 12-16 years, answered questions about a range of behaviors, including past marijuana abuse, smoking, alcohol consumption, illegal drug use, arrests, handgun use, gang affiliation, property destruction, assault-related behavior, and both major and petty theft. Even after the researchers accounted for factors that could influence behavior problems, such as the participants&#8217; sex, ethnicity, mother&#8217;s age at birth, parenting environment, experience with foster care, and siblings who are gang members, the connection between being born during the recession and later behavioral problems remained. Adolescents who were exposed to even<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=77111&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Adolescence</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/adolescence-mental-health/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/babies.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">babies</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">timeolivia</media:title>
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		<title>Toddlers&#8217; Early Language Skills May Influence Later Anger Management</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/12/27/toddlers-early-language-skills-may-influence-later-anger-management/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/12/27/toddlers-early-language-skills-may-influence-later-anger-management/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Dec 2012 10:45:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Laura Blue</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Childhood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Emotion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parenting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[acting out]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[anger]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[behavior problems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[emotional regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[frustration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Language]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[language skills]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pre-school]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pre-schoolers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tantrums]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[toddlers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[vocabulary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[words]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=76660</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Ah, the terrible twos: in between those heart-warming moments of wonder and devotion are those tantrums over having to put socks on that define this year of development. But the latest research shows that if those outbursts continue past the terrible twos, they may be a sign of poorly developed language skills. In a new study published in the journal Child Development, researchers draw links between communication skills that kids develop as toddlers and the emotional development that occurs during early childhood. The findings suggest that language and vocabulary at the earliest ages may lay a foundation for emotional regulation among children as they enter preschool and beyond. (MORE: The Bright Side of Anger: It Motivates Others) Psychologists at Penn State followed 120 young children, first surveyed as toddlers at 18 months, and then visited or interviewed them every six months until just after their fourth birthdays. The researchers tested and assessed the children&#8217;s early language skills, including their vocabulary when talking at home with their parents. Periodically, they would also test how well the kids dealt with frustration and anger, by presenting each child with a shiny gift-wrapped bag, closed with a ribbon. The kids were told they had to wait several long, boring minutes before they could open it. Then the researchers would watch the children&#8217;s reactions. In the paper, the authors say that there&#8217;s good reason to suspect a link between language ability and managing emotion. They write: [Y]oung children who acquire language quickly and well should be able to think about rules (&#8220;Mommy said wait&#8221;), to communicate needs calmly (language mitigates the need to express needs nonverbally), and, when needed, to sustain a shift of attention rather than focus on something they cannot have (language enriches the content of the activities, such as pretend play, that distract the child from the desired object or activity). In fact, the results of the study seem to bear out that suspicion. &#8220;We found that toddlers who have stronger language skills than other toddlers, and whose language skills develop faster over<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=76660&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Behavior</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/behavior/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/157421754.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">Laura Blue</media:title>
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