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	<title>Health &#38; FamilyCategory: Child Development &#124; Health &#38; Family &#124; TIME.com</title>
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	<description>A healthy balance of the mind, body and spirit</description>
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		<title>Health &#38; FamilyCategory: Child Development &#124; Health &#38; Family &#124; TIME.com</title>
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		<title>Babies&#8217; Brains: When Does Consciousness Emerge?</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/04/26/babys-first-consciousness/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/04/26/babys-first-consciousness/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 26 Apr 2013 14:38:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Maia Szalavitz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Brain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Infancy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[awareness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[babies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[baby consciousness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[conscious thought]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[consciousness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[infants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[neuroscience]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=85689</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Finding the point at which babies&#8217; reactions change from being purely reflexive to reflecting more intention is leading researches to focus on the first glimmers of conscious thought in infants as young as 5 months old. “We can prove that the same neuromarkers of consciousness found in adults can be found in babies as early as five months of age,” says lead author Sid Kouider, a researcher at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, of his new study on the earliest signs of conscious thought in infants that was published in Science. To look for consciousness in babies too young to talk, the authors took advantage of research on visual perception, which showed that the brain processes a great deal of visual information before any of it reaches a level of conscious awareness. EEG signals, which are measured by placing electrodes on the head, can clearly distinguish between visual data that is consciously seen and that which is simply taken in by the brain. These signals show a major change when a person first becomes consciously aware of an object that has previously received only subliminal attention. “There are two stages of perceptual processing,” explains Kouider. “The first stage is basically activation of neurons in the sensory cortex. Just a little visual stimulation — even if you can’t see it consciously — is going to activate [this brain region].” The brain still shows electrical activity on an EEG, for example, even if images or words flash by so quickly that they aren’t consciously perceived. (This information registers somewhere in the brain, however, because such “subliminal” data can affect responses to later tasks). The second stage, which can be reported verbally by adults, comes with a different signal and is essentially either “all” — when you can see it — or “none,” if the object isn’t visible at all, indicating a conscious level of attention and processing. To better understand how, and when these different levels of perception might be engaged in babies, the researchers placed EEG caps on 30 5-month-olds,<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=85689&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Brain</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/brain/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/sb10066477a-002-1a.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">MaiaSzalavitz</media:title>
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		<item>
		<title>Study: Women Abused As Kids More Likely To Have Children With Autism</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/03/21/study-women-abused-as-kids-are-more-likely-to-have-children-with-autism/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/03/21/study-women-abused-as-kids-are-more-likely-to-have-children-with-autism/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 21 Mar 2013 09:45:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Alexandra Sifferlin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Autism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Illness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stress]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Trauma]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[abuse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[autism rates]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[autism spectrum disorders]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[childhood abuse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pregnancy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[trauma]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=82711</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The results are the first to suggest a trans-generational contributor to the developmental disorder. The study, published in the  journal JAMA Psychiatry, is the first to examine the potential legacy that a mother&#8217;s experience with childhood abuse could have on the health of her own children. The findings are especially sobering given the latest statistics released from the Centers for Disease Control, which found a significantly higher rate of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) — one in 50 compared to one in 88 from a report released in 2012 — among school-aged children than previously thought. The authors of the JAMA Psychiatry paper studied more than 50,000 women enrolled in the Nurse&#8217;s Health Study II, who were asked about any history of abuse before they were 12. The questions delved into both physical and emotional abuse, as the women evaluated whether they had been hit hard enough to leave bruises, as well as whether adults or caregivers had insulted, screamed or yelled at them. They also filled out questionnaires about whether their own children were diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders. The scientists also had access to the nurses&#8217; health records, so they could adjust for other maternal health factors known to influence autism risk, including nine pregnancy-related conditions such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, alcohol consumption and smoking. (MORE: Autism: Why Some Children ‘Bloom’ and Overcome Their Disabilities) Women who reported physical, emotional, or sexual abuse when they were young were more likely to have a child with autism compared to women who were not abused. The more severely the women were abused, the higher their chances of having a child with autism; compared to women who weren&#8217;t abused, those who endured the most serious mistreatment were 60% as likely to have an autistic child. Because it&#8217;s possible that a mother&#8217;s exposure to abuse as a child could also lead her to engage in behaviors associated with harming the fetus — such as smoking, drinking during pregnancy, using drugs, being overweight, having preterm labor or giving birth to a premature or low<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=82711&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Autism</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/medicine/autism/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/131226727.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">131226727</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">asifferlin</media:title>
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	</item>
		<item>
		<title>How Would Preschool for All Work: Is It All About Play or ABCs?</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/03/08/how-would-preschool-for-all-work-is-it-all-about-play-or-abcs/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/03/08/how-would-preschool-for-all-work-is-it-all-about-play-or-abcs/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 08 Mar 2013 17:00:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bonnie Rochman</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Childhood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Family & Parenting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kindergarten]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[obama]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[preschool]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[program]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[universal preschool]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=81825</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Not many would take issue with President Obama’s recent call to make high-quality preschool a reality for more U.S. kids. Even before Obama announced his intentions, both Democrats and Republicans had already lined up in their home states to push preschool programs, with more than a dozen states considering bolstering early education. What’s bound to be more controversial is the nature of the still-to-be-created “universal preschool” program.  Should academics take front and center, with toddlers getting drills on the nuances of upper- and lower-case letters? Or should they more subtly absorb the concept that 2 + 2 makes 4 by building with blocks or playing sorting games? Early-childhood experts say that play is the best way for little ones to learn. But, points out Barbara Willer, deputy executive director of the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC), comparing play-based preschool to a more academic approach is a “false dichotomy.” Good preschool teachers incorporate both, but in such a way that kids aren’t anchored to a desk. “When you have teachers who understand child development, you find that play is a major component of the day,” says Willer. “But play is very carefully organized so that teachers are very intentional.” What may look like a play grocery store to the untrained eye can offer children an opportunity to draw up shopping lists and identify letters on the labels of cereal boxes. Teachers can lead the class in constructing graphs (a way to understand numbers) about who likes Raisin Bran and who prefers Cheerios and hone math skills as they classify products by size and shape. “Behind the play is a very careful plan on the part of the teacher in terms of specific curriculum goals,” says Willer. The nitty-gritty of Obama’s plan has yet to be divulged, but the basics involve rolling out pre-kindergarten to families earning less than 200% of the poverty level — about $40,000 for a family of three — with the potential to expand the program to more families. (MORE: When Do Babies Stop Being<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=81825&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Childhood</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/family-parenting/childhood/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/125143872.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">brochman</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Legacy of Lead: How the Metal Affects Academic Achievement</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/02/27/the-legacy-of-lead-how-the-metal-affects-academic-achievement/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/02/27/the-legacy-of-lead-how-the-metal-affects-academic-achievement/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 27 Feb 2013 10:45:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Alexandra Sifferlin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lead]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lead poision]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lead poisioning]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=81096</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Lead exposure may be on the decline, but it&#8217;s still taking its toll on children&#8217;s performance in school. Legal requirements to remove lead from gasoline, paint and other common products have led to decreases in lead exposure. But remnants of the metal remain, according to the latest study, and this legacy may be enough to affect children&#8217;s cognitive functions. Lead poisoning is still a concern for American families, especially those living in urban areas where older housing materials remain sources of potential exposure. A nine-year study of over 367,000 Detroit children published in the American Chemical Society&#8217;s journal Environmental Science &#38; Technology shows that blood levels of lead fluctuate with the seasons among kids, primarily due to dust they breath that is contaminated with lead. While the primary sources of lead have been eliminated, the researchers report that cities still retain a &#8220;legacy&#8221; of the contamination in discarded water pipes or paint, and contaminated particles that are swept up from soil and into the air are causing an rise in blood lead levels in kids by anywhere from 11% to 14% during July through September as compared to January. (MORE: Experts Say Current Lead Poisoning Levels Are Set Too High) Continued exposure to lead can have detrimental effects on children&#8217;s development, according to a separate study published in the American Journal of Public Health. Researchers reported that early childhood lead exposure was linked to low performance in math, science and reading in elementary and junior high students—even at exposure levels lower than the federal limit. &#8220;Despite a dramatic decline in blood lead concentrations, childhood lead poisoning continues to be the most important and preventable environmental problem among children and contributes signiﬁcantly to the burden of childhood diseases,&#8221; the authors write. In the study, the scientists studied blood lead levels in 21,281 kids who had been tested before age six between 1990 and 2008. They then compared these levels to their math, science and reading scores on the Michigan Education Assessment Program tests from 2008-2010. They found that high blood levels before age six was associated with low academic performance in grades 3,<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=81096&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Public Health</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/medicine/public-health/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/120983776.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">Peeling Paint</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">asifferlin</media:title>
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		<title>Lasting Legacy of Childhood Bullying: Psychiatric Problems In Adulthood</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/02/21/lasting-legacy-of-childhood-bullying-psychiatric-problems-in-adulthood/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/02/21/lasting-legacy-of-childhood-bullying-psychiatric-problems-in-adulthood/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 21 Feb 2013 13:00:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Alexandra Sifferlin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Childhood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Family & Parenting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Illness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[agoraphobia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[anxiety]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bullies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bullying]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[generalized anxiety]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[panic disorder]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[psychiatric disorders]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[suicidal]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=80621</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It&#8217;s not just the victims of bullying that experience long-term consequences; bullies themselves are also at risk of mental health issues later in life. In a study published in JAMA Psychiatry, researchers report that bullying can have serious consequences on childhood development, and shouldn&#8217;t be dismissed as simply a playground rite-of-passage. Starting in 1993, the scientists followed over 1,400 children at three different ages — 9, 11 and 13, and interviewed them and their caregivers every year until the kids turned 16. Based on the interviews, they categorized the kids into four groups: victims only, bullies only, both bullies and victims, or neither. To determine the long-term effects of bullying, the researchers re-interviewed the participants when they were ages 19, 21, 24 and 26, and evaluted them for a wide range of different psychiatric disorders. (MORE: The Relationship Between Bullying and Depression: It’s Complicated) &#8220;Bullying is not just a part of childhood, or some sort of a harmless activity between peers. This is actually something that has very detrimental, and very long lasting effects,&#8221; says study author William Copeland of Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina. All three groups who reported being involved in bullying experienced some long-term psychiatric effects in the form of anxiety, depressive, or antisocial personality disorders, or some type of alcohol or marijuana abuse. After controlling for family hardships that might also make these mental health issues more likely, the researchers found distinct patterns of psychiatric problems that distinguished the bullies from their victims. Victims of bullying were nearly three times as likely to have issues with generalized anxiety as those who were not bullied, and 4.6 times as likely to suffer from panic attacks, or agoraphobia, in which they felt trapped or had no escape, compared to those who were spared bullying. Bullies themselves showed a four times higher risk of antisocial personality disorder as adults compared to those who did not bully others, and children who reported being both bullies and victims seemed to fare the worst of all; these participants showed a nearly five times greater risk<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=80621&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>3</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Behavior</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/behavior/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/138539870.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">asifferlin</media:title>
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		<title>ADHD Diagnoses Continue to Climb</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/22/adhd-diagnoses-continue-to-climb/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/22/adhd-diagnoses-continue-to-climb/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 22 Jan 2013 20:41:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Laura Blue</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[ADHD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Childhood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Race]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[attention deficit hyperactivity disorder]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hyperactivity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kaiser permanente]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[racial disparity]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=78444</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[As more children are diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), researchers continue to struggle with understanding whether the rise is real, or primarily driven by greater awareness of the condition. In the latest analysis, the rate of new cases of ADHD in California between 2001 and 2010 climbed for both sexes and for most ethnic and racial groups for children between the ages of 5 to 11. But that rise doesn&#8217;t address what&#8217;s behind the growing number of cases. Are more kids truly suffering from hyperactivity and attention deficits, or are we simply better at catching children who show any symptoms? The new research, published in JAMA Pediatrics, is among the first to offer hints at an answer. The study is not the first to suggest that ADHD diagnosis may be increasingly common, but it has important advantages over previous work, says the study&#8217;s lead author, Dr. Darios Getahun of Kaiser Permanente Southern California. For example, instead of counting all cases reported by parents and teachers (who may make mistakes and either under- or over-report cases), the new study counts only confirmed medical diagnoses by doctors. The new study also includes more children than earlier ones, by pooling health-record data from more than 840,000 kids enrolled in a health plan with the non-profit Kaiser Permanente Southern California. Those children resemble the general population of youngsters in California, Getahun says, and the study group is large enough that researchers could look not just at trends overall, but also at trends broken down by race, age group, sex, and more. And that provides some insights into whether susceptibility to ADHD itself is all that&#8217;s changing, or whether our diagnostic criteria are changing too. MORE: Mom&#8217;s Exposure to Mercury Linked to Kids&#8217; ADHD Symptoms Overall, the study found that 2.5% of kids aged 5 to 11 received a new ADHD diagnosis in the year 2001. Ten years later, in 2010, that number had risen to 3.1%, a relative increase of 24% even after the scientists adjusted for factors such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, and neighborhood<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=78444&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>ADHD</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/adhd/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/adhd_0122.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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		<media:content url="http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a069e8b4ff0dc386def0882f71bbfee6?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Laura Blue</media:title>
		</media:content>
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		<item>
		<title>Childhood Trauma Leaves Legacy of Brain Changes</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/16/childhood-trauma-leaves-legacy-of-brain-changes/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/16/childhood-trauma-leaves-legacy-of-brain-changes/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 16 Jan 2013 13:00:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Laura Blue</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Adolescence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Genetics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stress]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Trauma]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[abuse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aggression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aggressive tendencies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[amygdala]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[antidepressants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[behavioral problems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[child abuse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MAOA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[orbitofrontal cortex]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[violence]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=78042</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Painful experiences early in life can alter the brain in lasting ways. A difficult reality for psychiatrists and counselors of child abuse is that young victims are at high risk of becoming offenders themselves one day, although it&#8217;s unclear why. But now a team of behavioral geneticists in Switzerland report a possible reason: early psychological trauma may actually cause lasting changes in the brain that promote aggressive behavior in adulthood. Writing this week Translational Psychiatry, the researchers describe a series or experiments conducted in rats that led them to that conclusion. Animals placed in traumatic, fear-inducing situations around the time of puberty show high and sustained levels of aggression later in life. And while rats cannot substitute for humans, the scared rats also showed changes in hormone levels, brain activity, and genetic expression that appear very similar to traits observed among troubled and unusually violent people. MORE: Watching Mean People on TV Might Turn You Into One The main implication of the research, says study co-author Carmen Sandi, is that it links two previously observed phenomena: the higher rate of aggression among those experiencing early-life stress, and the blunted activation of a brain region known as the orbitofrontal cortex among people with pathological aggression. Social learning, it seems, may not be the only thing that makes abused kids more likely to grow up aggressive. &#8220;This is a key finding which highlights the importance of not only developing social programs and politics, but also of reinforcing research that could offer valid [medical] treatments for individuals that have been victimized early in life,&#8221; says Sandi, the director of the Brain Mind Institute at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, in an email discussing the study. &#8220;We need to understand the neurobiological mechanisms to offer better solutions to break &#8216;the cycle of violence.&#8217;&#8221; In the study, Sandi and colleagues tested the rats for changes in specific regions of the brain following long periods of fear, and then tested a potential treatment to determine if it was possible to undo those brain changes. They began<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=78042&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Trauma</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/trauma-mental-health/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/6484-000046.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
		<media:thumbnail url="http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/6484-000046.jpg?w=240" />
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			<media:title type="html">6484-000046</media:title>
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		<media:content url="http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a069e8b4ff0dc386def0882f71bbfee6?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Laura Blue</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>New Gene Variants Linked to Autism</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/15/new-gene-variants-linked-to-autism/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/15/new-gene-variants-linked-to-autism/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 15 Jan 2013 15:00:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Laura Blue</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Autism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Genetics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[autism diagnosis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[autism genes]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[autism spectrum disorders]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gene variants]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=77938</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In one of the largest-ever studies of genetics and autism, researchers have identified 24 new gene variants associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The work also confirms that 31 variants previously linked to the developmental disorder may serve as useful genetic markers for identifying those with the condition. Understanding autism&#8217;s genetic roots is a priority, researchers say, since it may lead to earlier diagnosis and behavioral intervention, which can improve patient outcomes. (MORE: Behavior Therapy Normalizes Brains of Autistic Children) &#8220;Oftentimes findings like this get published in academic journals, but they don’t get translated into clinical use,&#8221; says Chuck Hensel, an author on the new research study, published in PLoS ONE, who is the senior manager of research at the genetic diagnostics company Lineagen. &#8220;Our goal,&#8221; Hensel says, &#8220;is to try to get these markers into the clinic.&#8221; Hensel teamed with researchers at the University of Utah and the Children&#8217;s Hospital of Philadelphia and devised a two-pronged approach for hunting down genetic markers of autism. First, the researchers chose 55 people living with autism, all from families with many members diagnosed with ASDs. The scientists then sequenced the genomes of these subjects, and compared the genetic profiles to those from a reference population, using the Utah Genetics Reference Project. That allowed them to find regions where the autistic individuals differed from people without the disorder, and led to 153 gene variants, or genetic red flags for the condition. (MORE: Researchers Discover Genetic Patterns of Autism) But because ASDs occur in a spectrum of mild to severe symptoms, and the genetic contribution of each of these variants likely varied, they needed to find out which of the 153 aberrations were most strongly linked to autism; some were likely indirectly connected to the disorder, and the scientists wanted to weed out those potential red herrings. So Hensel and his collaborators built a new molecular test, or probe, that would identify the 153 variants from a patient sample of blood, as well as  for 185 other gene variants that previous studies had linked<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=77938&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Autism</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/medicine/autism/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/200114153-001.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">200114153-001</media:title>
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		<media:content url="http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a069e8b4ff0dc386def0882f71bbfee6?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Laura Blue</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Your Brain On Sesame Street: Big Bird Helps Researchers See How the Brain Learns</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/04/your-brain-on-sesame-street-big-bird-helps-researchers-see-how-the-brain-learns/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/04/your-brain-on-sesame-street-big-bird-helps-researchers-see-how-the-brain-learns/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Jan 2013 11:00:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Alexandra Sifferlin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Brain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=77126</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[To understand how the brain works, researchers typically present study subjects in a brain scanner with simple stimuli, like a number against a black background, to see which regions of the brain respond. The results help them gain a better understanding of what part of the brain is responsible for learning skills, like math or reading. But it&#8217;s not always clear how applicable these neural patterns, generated in an isolated experiment, are to how the brain works in the real world—such as a classroom. In a new study, Jessica Cantlon, a cognitive scientist at the University of Rochester and her colleagues used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to look at brains of children during a normal educational activity—watching Sesame Street—to get a better of picture of how the brain changes as it develops reading and math skills. &#8220;It is not currently possible to measure the real-world thought process that a child has while observing an actual school session. However, if it could be done, children&#8217;s neural processes would presumably be predictive of what they know,&#8221; the authors write in the study, published in the journal PLoS Biology. “Everyone would prefer to use the real world as the stimulus because that’s really the goal: to understand what brain regions are important when children are learning in the real classroom and not with isolated stimuli on a black background, because that’s not really how they learn,” says Cantlon, whose research team is making strides in understanding brain development in everyday settings. (MORE: Motivation, Not IQ, Matters Most for Learning New Math Skills) By using fMRIs, which provide real-time information about brain activity, while the children watched an episode of Sesame Street, the researchers argue they can examine a child&#8217;s neural processes as they are engaged naturally, putting them one step closer to understanding the complex way that different environmental influences and stimuli cooperate in the learning process. Eventually, such insight could lead to more accurate diagnosis and treatment of learning disabilities. In the study, Cantlon and her team placed 27 kids between the ages<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=77126&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Brain</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/brain/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/156829337.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">86th Annual Macy&#039;s Thanksgiving Day Parade</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">asifferlin</media:title>
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		<title>Lasting Legacy of Recessions: Behavior Problems Among Teens</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/03/lasting-legacy-of-recessions-behavior-problems-among-teens/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/03/lasting-legacy-of-recessions-behavior-problems-among-teens/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Jan 2013 13:00:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Olivia B. Waxman</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Addiction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Adolescence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Childhood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Family]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Family & Parenting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Infancy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parenting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Teens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Work & Life]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=77111</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Fiscal cliff negotiations tested everyone&#8217;s patience, but even young children who don&#8217;t understand national budgets may show signs of strain during such economic insecurity. The latest research shows that financial crises such as recessions can adversely affect infants and young children who grow up in an environment of economic instability. Unemployment and reduced household income levels can cause emotional distress among adults and that anxiety can in turn affect how well parents provide for their children — especially if families have fewer resources to provide for their children&#8217;s education as well as attend to their social and physical well-being. (MORE: Unemployment is Hard on the Health, and The Harm May Add Up) A study published this week in the online edition of JAMA Psychiatry finds that infants born during and after the 1980 and 1981-1982 recessions were more likely to develop behavioral problems in adolescence, such as substance abuse and delinquency, than infants born during periods of low unemployment. The data on adolescents was gathered from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, backed in part by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and considered to be a representative sample of U.S. adolescents in that year. Led by Dr. Seethalakshmi Ramanathan of the State University of New York&#8217;s Upstate Medical University, researchers collected information from about 8,984 youth born between January 1, 1980, and December 31, 1984, including data on their family, community, criminal and delinquent backgrounds. Two recessions occurred during this time, pushing national unemployment rates from 6.6% to 11.4%. The adolescents, aged 12-16 years, answered questions about a range of behaviors, including past marijuana abuse, smoking, alcohol consumption, illegal drug use, arrests, handgun use, gang affiliation, property destruction, assault-related behavior, and both major and petty theft. Even after the researchers accounted for factors that could influence behavior problems, such as the participants&#8217; sex, ethnicity, mother&#8217;s age at birth, parenting environment, experience with foster care, and siblings who are gang members, the connection between being born during the recession and later behavioral problems remained. Adolescents who were exposed to even<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=77111&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Adolescence</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/adolescence-mental-health/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/babies.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">babies</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">timeolivia</media:title>
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		<title>Toddlers&#8217; Early Language Skills May Influence Later Anger Management</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/12/27/toddlers-early-language-skills-may-influence-later-anger-management/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/12/27/toddlers-early-language-skills-may-influence-later-anger-management/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Dec 2012 10:45:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Laura Blue</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Childhood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Emotion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parenting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[acting out]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[anger]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[behavior problems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[emotional regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[frustration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Language]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[language skills]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pre-school]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pre-schoolers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tantrums]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[toddlers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[vocabulary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[words]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=76660</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Ah, the terrible twos: in between those heart-warming moments of wonder and devotion are those tantrums over having to put socks on that define this year of development. But the latest research shows that if those outbursts continue past the terrible twos, they may be a sign of poorly developed language skills. In a new study published in the journal Child Development, researchers draw links between communication skills that kids develop as toddlers and the emotional development that occurs during early childhood. The findings suggest that language and vocabulary at the earliest ages may lay a foundation for emotional regulation among children as they enter preschool and beyond. (MORE: The Bright Side of Anger: It Motivates Others) Psychologists at Penn State followed 120 young children, first surveyed as toddlers at 18 months, and then visited or interviewed them every six months until just after their fourth birthdays. The researchers tested and assessed the children&#8217;s early language skills, including their vocabulary when talking at home with their parents. Periodically, they would also test how well the kids dealt with frustration and anger, by presenting each child with a shiny gift-wrapped bag, closed with a ribbon. The kids were told they had to wait several long, boring minutes before they could open it. Then the researchers would watch the children&#8217;s reactions. In the paper, the authors say that there&#8217;s good reason to suspect a link between language ability and managing emotion. They write: [Y]oung children who acquire language quickly and well should be able to think about rules (&#8220;Mommy said wait&#8221;), to communicate needs calmly (language mitigates the need to express needs nonverbally), and, when needed, to sustain a shift of attention rather than focus on something they cannot have (language enriches the content of the activities, such as pretend play, that distract the child from the desired object or activity). In fact, the results of the study seem to bear out that suspicion. &#8220;We found that toddlers who have stronger language skills than other toddlers, and whose language skills develop faster over<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=76660&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Behavior</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/behavior/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/157421754.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">157421754</media:title>
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		<media:content url="http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a069e8b4ff0dc386def0882f71bbfee6?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Laura Blue</media:title>
		</media:content>
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		<title>Motivation, Not IQ, Matters Most for Learning New Math Skills</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/12/26/motivation-not-iq-matters-most-for-learning-new-math-skills/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/12/26/motivation-not-iq-matters-most-for-learning-new-math-skills/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 26 Dec 2012 17:15:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Laura Blue</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Teens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[control]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[intelligence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[IQ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[math]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[math achievement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mathematics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[motivation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[study habits]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[studying]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=76645</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[You don&#8217;t have to be born with math skills; solving problems is a matter of studying and motivation. That may not seem like such a surprise, but it&#8217;s become easy to say &#8216;I just can&#8217;t do math.&#8217; While some element of math achievement may be linked to natural inborn intelligence, when it comes to developing skills during high school, motivation and math study habits are much more important than IQ, according to a new study. &#8220;It’s not how smart we are; it’s how motivated we are and how effectively we study that determines growth in math achievement over time,&#8221; says Kou Murayama, a post-doctoral psychology researcher at University of California Los Angeles and lead author of the study published in the journal Child Development. Murayama and his colleagues studied math achievement among roughly 3,500 public school students living in the German state of Bavariain. The German students were tracked from the fifth grade through the tenth grade and given an annual (grade-appropriate) standardized math exam every year. The kids were also given an IQ test, and asked about their attitudes toward math. In particular, the psychologists were interested in how much the adolescents believed that math achievement was something within their control, and whether the kids were interested in math for its own sake. They also asked the students about study strategies, such as whether they would try to link concepts together when learning new material, or simply try to memorize the steps to typical problems. To their surprise, the researches found that IQ does not predict new learning &#8212; in other words, intelligence as measured by the IQ test does not indicate how likely students are to pick up new concepts or accumulate new skills. While children with higher IQs did have higher test scores from the beginning of the study, how much new material the kids learned over the years was not related to how smart they were, at least not once demographic factors were taken into account. &#8220;Students with high IQ have high math achievement and students<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=76645&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Child Development</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/child-development/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/95608313.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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		<media:content url="http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a069e8b4ff0dc386def0882f71bbfee6?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Laura Blue</media:title>
		</media:content>
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		<title>Sibling Rivalry: Squabbling May Lead to Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety, Among Teens</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/12/21/sibling-rivalry-squabbling-may-lead-to-depressive-symptoms-anxiety-among-teens/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/12/21/sibling-rivalry-squabbling-may-lead-to-depressive-symptoms-anxiety-among-teens/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 21 Dec 2012 17:30:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Laura Blue</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Adolescence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Childhood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Family]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parenting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stress]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Teens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[adolescents]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[anxiety]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[brothers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[depressive mood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[depressive symptoms]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[equality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fairness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[home]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[household chores]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[personal space]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[self-esteem]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sibling]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sibling conflict]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sibling rivalry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sisters]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=76560</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Anyone with a brother or sister can attest to the inevitability of conflicts during childhood, but frequent clashes may take a toll. Squabbling over two topics in particular, researchers say, may put adolescents at risk for depressive symptoms and anxiety. Psychologists at the University of Missouri reached that conclusion after surveying 145 adolescent sibling pairs over the course of a year. The researchers quizzed the kids on their sibling relationships, and also asked them to answer questionnaires to measure their self-esteem and symptoms of depression and anxiety. They found that kids with high self-esteem at the beginning of the study typically had fewer conflicts with their siblings one year later. But those who reported sibling conflict at the beginning of the study were much more likely to develop new mood problems over the following year. &#8220;There are definitely aspects that are going both ways,&#8221; says researcher Nicole Campione-Barr, an assistant professor of psychological sciences at the University of Missouri, about the possibility that sibling conflict may contribute to future emotional changes, as well as the potential that existing emotional changes may also fuel more squabbles . &#8220;But we believe that there are particular types of conflict that are setting kids up for problems,&#8221; she says. MORE: The Power of Birth Order In particular, Campione-Barr and her colleagues have identified two common themes among the sibling arguments that they studied. Kids who clash with their brothers and sisters about &#8220;equality and fairness issues&#8221; (things like who&#8217;s hogging the bathroom and whose turn it is to do the dishes) appear to be at unusually high risk of depressed mood one year later. Conversely, arguing over &#8220;personal domain conflicts&#8221; (like borrowing items without asking, or hanging around when the other sibling&#8217;s friends are over) is associated with anxiety symptoms and lower self-esteem one year later. The findings are published this week in the journal Child Development. Campione-Barr says the results are somewhat surprising since in previous research, experts had looked at sibling trust and communication, but only found an association between the personal<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=76560&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Teens</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/family-parenting/teens-family-parenting/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/new-image.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
		<media:thumbnail url="http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/new-image.jpg?w=240" />
		<media:content url="http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/new-image.jpg?w=240" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Sisters arguing</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a069e8b4ff0dc386def0882f71bbfee6?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Laura Blue</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
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		<title>Iron Supplements May Improve Health of Low Birthweight Babies</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/12/10/iron-supplements-may-improve-health-of-low-birthweight-babies/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/12/10/iron-supplements-may-improve-health-of-low-birthweight-babies/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 10 Dec 2012 19:00:30 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Olivia B. Waxman</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Developmental Disability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Infancy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pregnancy]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=75467</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Babies born at below average weight are at greater risk of developmental problems, but early use of supplements may lower that risk. Low birth weight infants are more likely than normal weight babies to develop both cognitive and behavioral issues; infections during pregnancy and antibiotic use by expectant mothers can contribute to low birth weight, and premature babies may be at higher risk of falling behind in school; those weighing less than 4.5 lbs may also be five times more likely to develop some form of autism. They are also at risk for iron deficiency, which has been linked to impaired brain development. But it wasn&#8217;t clear if treating that deficiency could help low birth weight babies avoid some of the later developmental issues associated with too little iron. Previous work found that 36% of low birth weight babies who did not take iron supplements were iron deficient at six months, compared to the 8% in the group that took 1 milligram iron supplements and the 4% in the group that took 2 milligram iron supplements. (MORE: Risk of Autism Is Five Times Higher in Low Birth Weight Babies) So researchers from Sweden designed a trial to see whether treating the iron deficiency in these infants could lower their risk of developmental problems later on. They studied 285 low birth weight infants who only tipped the scales at between 4.5 &#8211; 5.5 pounds (2000 g. &#8211; 2500 g.) and were born between March 2004 and November 2007. None of the babies in the study had chronic diseases that could have affected their developmental outcome.  The infants were randomly assigned to take one of three different iron supplement doses—1 mg., 2 mg., or a placebo—in the form of daily drops from the time they were six weeks old to 6 months of age. When the infants reached 3.5 years old, the scientists compared their cognitive and behavioral development to that of 95 babies with a normal birth weight. Reporting in the journal Pediatrics, the researchers say that about 12.7% of the<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=75467&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Child Development</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/child-development/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/128621640ironcrop.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
		<media:thumbnail url="http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/128621640ironcrop.jpg?w=240" />
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			<media:title type="html">Iron supplements</media:title>
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		<media:content url="http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/b9704e5c0d64fde15dc0d56feb4f86c3?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">timeolivia</media:title>
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		<title>A Blood Test for Autism?</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/12/06/a-blood-test-for-autism/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/12/06/a-blood-test-for-autism/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 06 Dec 2012 13:00:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Laura Blue</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Autism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Genetics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[autism spectrum disorders]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[blood test]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[diagnostic test for autism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[diagnostic tests]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gene expression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[RNA]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=75478</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Earlier detection of autism, relying on markers in the blood, may help more children to take advantage of helpful behavioral therapies. Diagnosing autism currently requires hours of observation by clinicians and a far from objective series of behavioral measures, but improvements in genetic testing could make the process more efficient. In a study published in the journal PLOS ONE, researchers from Boston Children&#8217;s Hospital  describe a new experimental test to detect the developmental disorder, based on the differences in gene expression between kids with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and those without the condition. The blood-based test appears to predict autism relatively accurately, at least among boys, and has already been licensed to a company, SynapDx, for commercial development. In an email statement to TIME, a spokeswoman for SynapDx said the company plans to start clinical trials of the new test in early 2013. (MORE: Autism Studies Confirm Genetic Complexity and Risk for Older Fathers) The new blood test for autism is intriguing, researchers say, because it seems to be at least as effective as any other genetic test for autism that doctors currently use. Scientists believe that autism has some genetic basis, based on genes that have been associated with the disorder, and the fact that the condition seems to run in families. &#8220;A week does not go by where you don’t hear about a genetic mutation that has been linked to autism in at least a few families,&#8221; says Isaac Kohane, a pediatric endocrinologist and computer scientist at Children&#8217;s Hospital Boston, and the senior study author on the new article in PLOS ONE. Kohane is a scientific adviser for SynapDx, but says he does not own any stock in the company. But autism is a complex condition, he says, with many possible genetic determinants. And the precise genetic mechanism, or more likely mechanisms, are still poorly understood. But to get a better idea of which genetic changes might be most relevant to the disease, Kohane and his colleagues compared 66 patients with ASDs and 33 similar patients who were<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=75478&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Autism</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/medicine/autism/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/79939148autismbloodcrop.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">Blood sample</media:title>
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		<media:content url="http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a069e8b4ff0dc386def0882f71bbfee6?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Laura Blue</media:title>
		</media:content>
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		<title>Flame Fighting Chemicals Abundant in House Dust and Sofas</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/11/29/flame-fighting-chemicals-abundant-in-house-dust-and-sofas/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/11/29/flame-fighting-chemicals-abundant-in-house-dust-and-sofas/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 29 Nov 2012 15:00:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Laura Blue</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Environmental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Safety]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[chemicals]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[couch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[endocrine disruptors]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[flame retardants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[home]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hormone disruptor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[House]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[PBDEs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[polyurethane foam]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sofa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[toxic]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=74927</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Chemicals are commonly added to furniture, carpeting, and even electronic devices to limit the risk of fire. But at what cost? Two new studies published journal Environmental Science &#38; Technology highlight the potential dangers of flame retardants — including chemicals linked to cancer and to hormone disruption — that are probably present in nearly every American home. MORE: BPA Linked with Obesity in Kids and Teens One of the two new studies focuses on sofa cushions. Researchers from Duke University, Boston University, and University of California Berkeley took cushions from sofas across the U.S. and found that there were suspect flame-retardant chemicals in 85% of them. The second study shows how those chemicals then likely migrate out of furniture and into the air we breathe. Scientists at Silent Spring Institute in Massachusetts analyzed household dust in California and found that, in most of the 16 homes tested, there was at least one chemical present at potentially unsafe levels. &#8220;What&#8217;s concerning about this is that so many of these chemicals we&#8217;re finding are associated with hormone disruption or cancer, or haven&#8217;t been tested,&#8221; says Robin Dodson, a research scientist at Silent Spring Institute. &#8220;It&#8217;s worrisome.&#8221; MORE: The Hazards Lurking at Home The chemicals detected include polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which the Environmental Protection Agency claims &#8220;may cause liver toxicity, thyroid toxicity, and neurodevelopmental toxicity.&#8221; (PBDEs have been phased out of manufacturing since 2004, following increased regulation of potentially harmful chemicals.) Also present in household dust were chemicals, such as the insecticide DDT, that have been banned for many years for their potential to cause cancer and disrupt reproductive development. The researchers also found tris, an agent known to break up DNA in chromosomes that was banned from children&#8217;s sleepwear because of its cancer-causing potential, as well as newer chemicals that are being used as a replacement for PBDEs. The study authors complain that these newer chemicals have not yet been adequately tested for safety. Why the prevalence of so many flame retardants? The compounds are present in home furnishings not so much<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=74927&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Environmental Health</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/medicine/environmental-health-medicine/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/stk314539rknflamecrop.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">Sofa with cushions</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a069e8b4ff0dc386def0882f71bbfee6?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Laura Blue</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
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		<title>In a Rush to Mature: Study Finds Boys Hitting Puberty Earlier than Ever</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/10/22/in-a-rush-to-mature-study-finds-boys-hitting-puberty-earlier-than-ever/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/10/22/in-a-rush-to-mature-study-finds-boys-hitting-puberty-earlier-than-ever/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 22 Oct 2012 18:00:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Laura Blue</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Adolescence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gender]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sex]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sexual Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sexuality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[BPA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[environmental estrogens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[estrogen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[first period]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[menarche]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[menses]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[puberty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sexual maturity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sexuality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[testosterone]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=72089</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Puberty usually hits boys later than girls, at an average age of 11. But according to new research published in the journal Pediatrics, U.S. boys are now experiencing the first signs of sexual maturation &#8212; genital growth, testicular enlargement, and the appearance of pubic hair &#8212; roughly 6 months to 2 years earlier than boys at similar ages just a few decades ago. Pediatricians now find that the earliest stage of male puberty occurs, on average, at age of 10.14 years among non-Hispanic whites, at 10.4 years among Hispanics, and at just 9.14 years among African Americans. &#8220;All parents need to know whether their sons are maturing within the contemporary age range, but, until now, this has not been known for U.S. boys,&#8221; pediatrics researcher and study author Richard Wasserman said in a statement. MORE: Girls, Interrupted This new research comes from the very same group that showed, almost 15 years ago, that girls in the U.S. are hitting puberty earlier than they used to as well. In a landmark paper in 1997, scholars and clinicians from the Pediatric Research in Office Settings program (PROS) showed that girls were reporting their first menstrual period and breast development 6 months to a year earlier than outdated clinical textbooks were listing as the average maturation age at the time. That trend toward earlier puberty in girls is now widely accepted. But, until now, it hasn&#8217;t been clear whether boys were part of the earlier sexual maturity as well. That&#8217;s because boys don&#8217;t have the same kind of clear, easily measured marker of puberty onset as the first period, or menarche.  For boys, the first signs of puberty appear more gradually, including those outcomes measured in this new Pediatrics study: testicle growth, penis growth, and the emergence of pubic hair. Testicular growth, for example, is much harder for the pediatrician to assess quickly by sight alone than, say, breast development is in girls. For these reasons, until now, researchers have simply had less data about puberty timing among males than among females, and researchers<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=72089&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Adolescence</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/adolescence-mental-health/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/143176169.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">Little boy shaving</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a069e8b4ff0dc386def0882f71bbfee6?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Laura Blue</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
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		<title>Drugging Poor Kids to Boost Grades in Failing Schools: One Doc Says Yes</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/10/10/drugging-poor-kids-to-boost-grades-in-failing-schools-one-doc-says-yes/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/10/10/drugging-poor-kids-to-boost-grades-in-failing-schools-one-doc-says-yes/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Oct 2012 17:45:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Maia Szalavitz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[adderall]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ADHD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[antipsychotics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[atypical antipsychotics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Britain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cognitive enhancement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[psychiatric drugs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[psychiatry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[risperdal]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=71236</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Why are so many poor kids taking risky psychiatric medications? A front-page story in Tuesday&#8217;s New York Times offers one surprising answer: some pediatricians are prescribing drugs — medications to treat ADHD — to try to boost kids&#8217; grades and give the most disadvantaged students an edge in school. Unfortunately, however, while well-intentioned, such prescribing may ultimately do more harm than good, as the Times&#8217; Alan Schwarz illustrates in his story about Dr. Michael Anderson, a Georgia pediatrician, and some of his young patients. Writes Schwarz: Although A.D.H.D is the diagnosis Dr. Anderson makes, he calls the disorder “made up” and “an excuse” to prescribe the pills to treat what he considers the children’s true ill — poor academic performance in inadequate schools. “I don’t have a whole lot of choice,” said Dr. Anderson, a pediatrician for many poor families in Cherokee County, north of Atlanta. “We’ve decided as a society that it’s too expensive to modify the kid’s environment. So we have to modify the kid.” While taking amphetamine-like drugs to improve academic performance is typically seen as a vice in richer children, Anderson considers it a virtue for poor kids, helping level the playing field. And there is little disagreement among child psychiatrists that lack of funding and resources means that giving drugs is often seen as the only option to help many children, even in cases where the evidence shows that talk therapies are not only safer but more effective. (MORE: Antipsychotic Prescriptions in Children Have Skyrocketed: Study) But the story of some of Anderson’s patients should give pause to those who promote this approach. Schwarz interviewed the Rocafort family in Ball Ground, Ga., whose four children have received prescriptions for medication from Anderson. Quintn, 11, experienced harrowing side effects from the amphetamine Adderall, which he was prescribed starting around age 6 because of his disruptive behavior at school. As Schwarz puts it: When puberty’s chemical maelstrom began at about 10, though, Quintn got into fights at school because, he said, other children were insulting his mother.<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=71236&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Child Development</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/child-development/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/152837459a.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">152837459a</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">MaiaSzalavitz</media:title>
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		<title>Should Teachers Be Allowed to Spank Students?</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/10/01/should-teachers-spank-students-a-texas-school-district-expands-its-corporal-punishment-policy/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/10/01/should-teachers-spank-students-a-texas-school-district-expands-its-corporal-punishment-policy/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Oct 2012 17:01:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Alice Park</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Adolescence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Childhood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Family & Parenting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parenting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aggression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[child behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[corporal punishment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[discipline]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[spanking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[springtown]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Texas]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=70424</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Spanking is one of the many things about which parents agree — passionately — to disagree. Most American parents swear by the old adage &#8220;Spare the rod, spoil the child,&#8221; but others are horrified by the very thought of raising a hand to a kid. And that’s why corporal punishment in schools is an even thornier issue, as highlighted by a Texas school district’s recent decision to change its spanking policy. After two parents complained that their daughters had been beaten hard enough to develop bruises and burnlike redness on their skin, the Springtown school board voted last week to amend its corporal-punishment rules. Rather than abolishing the practice, however, the board members took pains to preserve teachers’ ability to physically discipline students: parents must now opt in with written permission allowing their children to be paddled when teachers feel it&#8217;s justified; previously, parents had to opt out of corporal punishment. The school board also expanded its spanking policy overall by deciding to allow teachers to punish students of the opposite gender. Parents can now designate whether they&#8217;re O.K. with a male or female school official doling out the paddling. The initial complaints from the two parents had centered on the fact that their daughters were punished by a male teacher, violating Springtown’s then requirement that same-gender teachers carry out any physical punishment. (MORE: The First Real-Time Study of Parents Spanking Their Kids) A bigger question for many is why some states still allow corporal punishment in schools at all. Texas is one of 19 states that permit principals or teachers to put kids under the paddle. (However, 97 of the U.S.&#8217;s 100 largest school districts have banned corporal punishment.) While there isn’t much research specifically on the effects of corporal punishment in schools, the matter has been studied extensively in the home. And the consensus is that spanking isn&#8217;t effective in properly disciplining children, at least not if the goal is to control children’s behavior over the long term or help them understand what&#8217;s appropriate behavior. “There isn’t a<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=70424&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://healthland.time.com/2012/10/01/should-teachers-spank-students-a-texas-school-district-expands-its-corporal-punishment-policy/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Parenting</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/family-parenting/parenting/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/143276826spankingcrop.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
		<media:thumbnail url="http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/143276826spankingcrop.jpg?w=240" />
		<media:content url="http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/143276826spankingcrop.jpg?w=240" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Mother spanking girl</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/69fc92d1c4598c5b98d03fde16cdfa74?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">apark7</media:title>
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		<title>Snoring at Night May Affect Kids&#8217; Daytime Behavior</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/08/13/how-a-childs-nighttime-snoring-may-affect-daytime-behavior/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/08/13/how-a-childs-nighttime-snoring-may-affect-daytime-behavior/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 13 Aug 2012 17:38:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Sora Song</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Childhood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Family & Parenting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[attention]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hyperactivity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[inattention]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sleep apnea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[snoring]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=66249</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[As any parent knows, an exhausted child is an ill-behaved one. So it's no surprise that a new study finds that young children who snore persistently are more likely to have behavioral problems like hyperactivity, depression and inattention than kids who sleep more peacefully<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=66249&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://healthland.time.com/2012/08/13/how-a-childs-nighttime-snoring-may-affect-daytime-behavior/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Childhood</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/family-parenting/childhood/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/105472920.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
		<media:thumbnail url="http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/105472920.jpg?w=240" />
		<media:content url="http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/105472920.jpg?w=240" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">105472920</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/4294dab721165ae4f1b75c29b4fe6c70?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Sora Song</media:title>
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