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	<title>Health &#38; FamilyCategory: Depression &#124; Health &#38; Family &#124; TIME.com</title>
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		<title>Health &#38; FamilyCategory: Depression &#124; Health &#38; Family &#124; TIME.com</title>
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		<title>Antidepressants Linked To Higher Risk of Complications After Surgery</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/04/30/ssris/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/04/30/ssris/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 30 Apr 2013 14:00:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Alexandra Sifferlin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[antidepressants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bleeding]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[complications after surgery]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SSRI]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ssris]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[surgery]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=85781</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The most popular class of drugs used to treat depression, the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), may increase risk of bleeding and the need for blood transfusions following operations, according a study. Previous studies have investigated the dangers of SSRI use among pregnant women and possible associations with suicide among adolescents, but the latest study looked into evidence that correlated SSRIs, which include fluoxetine (Prozac), sertraline (Zoloft), and paroxetine (Paxil),  with an elevated risk of bleeding and irregular heart beats in patients who were hospitalized for surgery. The researchers from the University of California, San Francisco took a closer look at SSRI use before surgery and the rate of adverse events in a group of 530,416 patients over age 18 who had operations between January 2006 through December 2008 at 375 different U.S. hospitals. (MORE: The Pros and Cons of Antidepressant Use During Pregnancy) They analyzed reports of bleeding, transfusions and irregular heart functions during surgery, as well as how long the patients stayed in the hospital. Patients who were taking SSRIs before their operations had a greater risk of bleeding, were more likely to be re-admitted within a month following their procedures, or were more likely to die during the study period than those who were not taking the antidepressants. To determine whether the effect was due to the medications themselves, or to some other factors shared by the patients taking antidepressants, the scientists adjusted for the potential contribution that depression, age, gender and the condition requiring surgery in the first place might have had on the risk of bleeding and potentially fatal complications. Even after controlling for these factors, the correlation between SSRI use and the higher risk of adverse events remained. Previous studies suggest that the connection might make sense, since SSRIs prevent nerve cells in the brain from reabsorbing the hormone serotonin, and serotonin can interfere with the function of platelets that are critical for helping blood to clot properly. It&#8217;s still possible, however, that additional factors that the researchers have not yet considered could explain<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=85781&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://healthland.time.com/2013/04/30/ssris/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Depression</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/depression/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/128564516.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">asifferlin</media:title>
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		<title>Depressive Thinking Can Be Contagious</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/04/24/depressive-thinking-can-be-infectious/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/04/24/depressive-thinking-can-be-infectious/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 24 Apr 2013 20:20:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Maia Szalavitz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cognitive styles]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[college]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[college depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[contagious depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[depressive thinking]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[thinking styles]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=85237</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[We don&#8217;t think of emotional states as passing from one person to another, but a new study suggests some depressive thoughts can go viral. Researchers studying a group of college students found that certain types of depressive thinking can spread from close-living roommates like a lingering flu. Although many people see depression as a chemical imbalance in the brain, scientists say social context and the way you see yourself and the world can be critical in causing and sustaining the illness, which affects around 10% of college-age adults. “Thinking styles are a really important factor in risk for depression,” says the study&#8217;s lead author Gerald Haeffel, associate professor of clinical psychology at Notre Dame University. “How one thinks about life stress and negative moods is one of the best predictors that we have of future depression.” Haeffel and his colleagues recognized that starting life in a college dorm — with students transitioning from the familiarity of high school and family and venturing into a completely new social setting — would serve as an ideal real-world laboratory for studying how social connections and thinking styles of some students can influence others, and how these interactions can affect depression. “For many freshmen, going to college is a seminal life transition,” he says. “They are moving away from home for the first time, and their social context is turned on its head. An important feature of our design was that students were randomly assigned to roommates. This means that students were not able to actively choose someone to live with. [They] had to live with a stranger who might have a completely different style of thinking.” (MORE: How Childhood Trauma May Make the Brain Vulnerable to Addiction, Depression) Previous research showed that depressive thinking styles tend to become stable and consistent by high school, and that they can increase risk of depression (without necessarily causing the condition) over an entire lifetime. “Cognitive vulnerability is not the same thing as depression,” says Haeffel. “Someone can have a cognitive vulnerability but not appear sad or gloomy. It can be<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=85237&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>3</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Depression</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/depression/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/163674171.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">163674171</media:title>
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		<media:content url="http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0a5ac57e99124922fa628492ad3db6b2?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">MaiaSzalavitz</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>U.S. Panel Finds Little Evidence to Support Universal Screening For Suicide</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/04/24/u-s-panel-says-theres-not-evidence-to-support-suicide-screening/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/04/24/u-s-panel-says-theres-not-evidence-to-support-suicide-screening/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 24 Apr 2013 17:00:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Alexandra Sifferlin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[suicide screening]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[suicides]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USPSTF]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=85130</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Experts say that existing screening methods can identify at-risk individuals, but such tools may not help to prevent suicides. According to the latest government statistics, more than 38,000 people commit suicide each year, so in 2004, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) analyzed studies on existing suicide screening methods to determine if it made sense for primary care physicians, who are the most likely to see adults on a regular basis and detect any changes in mental state, to start screening for those at risk of taking their own lives. Studies showed that 38% of adults and 90% of adolescents who committed suicide had visited their primary care physician within the previous year. At the time, however, the panel did not find enough evidence to recommend such universal screening. And even now, following another review that included 56 studies on suicide screening published since the previous recommendation, the task force found little evidence that widespread screening would lead to a decline in suicide rates. The studies included tools such as the Suicide Risk Screen, which uses a 20-item assessment embedded in a larger questionnaire administered in high schools to students at risk of dropping out, and a method that incorporates three suicide-related items that doctors assess among patients in a primary care setting. While these tools can help to identify at-risk adults, there&#8217;s no evidence that such identification actually prevented suicide in adults. For adolescents, the USPSTF concluded that no proven tools to assess risk exist yet. (MORE: Military Suicide: Help for Families Worried About Their Service Member) The problem, the task force found, was that screening processes varied widely, with some used for high school students ranging considerably in accuracy. Before routine screening can yield benefits in lowering suicide rates, such screens need to become more accurate, and the researchers say that more data is needed to evaluate the efficacy of these screens, particularly among adolescents without a history of mental illness who are at average-risk of suicide. The screens also aren&#8217;t refined enough to determine which at-risk individuals are most<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=85130&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://healthland.time.com/2013/04/24/u-s-panel-says-theres-not-evidence-to-support-suicide-screening/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Behavior</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/behavior/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/166678518.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">asifferlin</media:title>
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		<title>It&#8217;s All in the Nerves: How to Really Treat Depression</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/03/20/its-all-in-the-nerves-how-to-really-treat-depression/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/03/20/its-all-in-the-nerves-how-to-really-treat-depression/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 20 Mar 2013 19:00:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Maia Szalavitz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[antidepressants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[detox]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ECT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[electroconvulsive therapy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Exercise]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hippocampus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[prozac]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SFRP3]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ssris]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=82676</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Exercise, Prozac and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may ultimately relieve depression in the same way. That&#8217;s what the latest research, conducted on mice, suggests, and the scientists are encouraged that similar processes are at work in the human brain as well. According to the findings, published in the journals Cell Stem Cell and Molecular Psychiatry, all of these therapies can spur the growth of brain cells. And it seems that such neurogenesis, which perhaps results from changes in levels of brain chemicals like serotonin, can lift the symptoms of depression. Since the mid-1990s, researchers have been piecing together a theory of depression that accounts for the seemingly disparate triggers of the mental illness, as well as the variety of treatments that seem to counteract the negative mood. And so far, this is what they believe: extreme or uncontrollable stress, particularly early in life, can lead to excessive release of the neurotransmitter glutamate in the brain.  At these high levels, glutamate can damage or even kill certain cells in the hippocampus, a region known for its role in memory.  This can lead to a thinning of the neural network in this area, which contributes to depression for reasons that are not yet clear. But antidepressant treatments all seem to promote the birth of new brain cells in that part of the brain. Moreover, “It’s not just growth of new nerve cells [in this region],&#8221; says Bruce McEwen, professor of neuroscience at Rockefeller University, &#8221;There’s also plasticity of nerve cells all over the brain  that is ongoing and can be facilitated or blocked.&#8221;  These changes may start in the hippocampus, where new cells can be born, but older cells can be revitalized elsewhere as well, perhaps even changing the circuit of nerve activity that keeps people stuck in depressive thoughts and feelings. MORE: Antidepressants: Are They Effective or Just a Placebo? Now, Hongjun Song, professor of neurology and neuroscience at Johns Hopkins University, documents how disparate treatments, from exercise to antidepressants that manipulate serotonin levels, and even electrical stimulation of certain brain regions, can ultimately<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=82676&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://healthland.time.com/2013/03/20/its-all-in-the-nerves-how-to-really-treat-depression/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Depression</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/depression/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/88388068-1a.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">MaiaSzalavitz</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Rashness &amp; Rumination: New Understanding About the Roots of Depression</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/03/08/rashness-rumination-new-understanding-about-the-roots-of-depression/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/03/08/rashness-rumination-new-understanding-about-the-roots-of-depression/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 08 Mar 2013 20:30:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Maia Szalavitz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[impulsivity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[negative thoughts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rumination]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=81842</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Two studies explore some of the developmental roots of depression in childhood and adolescence. In the first study, published in the journal Clinical Psychological Science, researchers focused on depressive rumination, or the relentless focus on what has gone wrong or will go wrong, coupled with an inability to see a solution to these overwhelming problems. It&#8217;s no surprise that rumination has a strong connection to depression— in fact, studies show that some talk therapies can actually make depression worse by compelling people to focus on problems and their origins, rather than guiding them toward positive solutions on what to do about them. MORE: How Childhood Trauma May Make the Brain Vulnerable to Addiction, Depression To better understand what role rumination might play in seeding depression to begin with, however, the researchers, led by Mollie Moore at the University of Wisconsin-Madison studied 756 young adolescent twins, aged 12 to 14. They compared identical twins, who share the same genes, to fraternal twins, who are no more genetically alike than other siblings, using questionnaires designed to tease out whether the teens tended to brood over their problems and their insolubility or whether they thoughtfully reflected on them with an eye toward finding possible solutions. What psychologists have labeled “moody pondering” or brooding is more likely to be associated with depression, while reflection may actually be helpful as a coping mechanism for emotional or challenging experiences. The authors also looked at whether the teens were able to distract themselves from their problems, noting that “individuals who have a greater tendency to ruminate and a lesser tendency to distract are at the greatest risk for experiencing depressive symptoms.” They found that while much of brooding is influenced by environmental influences such as parenting and peers, virtually all of the connection between whether that brooding is associated with depression may be driven by genes.  Someone who inherits a tendency to brood, in other words, also seems to inherit a tendency to become depressed. “I appreciated the authors’ distinction between brooding and distraction and their finding that<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=81842&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Depression</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/depression/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/161954386.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">MaiaSzalavitz</media:title>
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	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Study Reveals How Concussions Can Trigger Depression</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/17/study-reveals-how-concussions-can-trigger-depression/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/17/study-reveals-how-concussions-can-trigger-depression/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 17 Jan 2013 19:30:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Laura Blue</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Brain Injury]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[center for brainhealth]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[concussion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[concussions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[football]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[NFL]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sports]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Suicide]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[traumatic brain injury]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[white matter]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=78059</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Two new research projects – one published this month and another that is still preliminary – suggest why some professional football players, particularly those that get concussions, may be more vulnerable to developing depression. For both studies, researchers focused on a group of 34 retired NFL players, aged 41 to 79 and living in north Texas. The first study, published in the journal JAMA Neurology, found that former players who are depressed or cognitively impaired typically have noticeable abnormalities in a specific component of their brain known as the white matter, which is the cumulative mass of insulated nerve fibers that connect one neuron to another. In a related analysis that will be presented at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Neurology in March, players who reported a higher number of career concussions also tended to exhibit more depressive symptoms. MORE: Kids&#8217; Concussion Symptoms May Persist for a Year Together, the studies, sponsored by the BrainHealth Institute for Athletes at the Center for BrainHealth at the University of Texas at Dallas, point to changes to the brain&#8217;s white matter as a potential link between concussions and depression. &#8220;People will sometimes want to write off a lot of depression among these [former players] with psychological explanations: They’re no longer playing, and being the center of attention, those kinds of things,&#8221; says Kyle Womack, an author on both of the studies, and an assistant professor of neurology and neurotherapeutics at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. However, Womack says, the findings implicating white matter are so strong and that he believes it&#8217;s unlikely that lost social status is the primary reason for the ex-players&#8217; grief. MORE: The Problem With Football: How to Make It Safer In the first study, the researchers compared depression scores of 34 retired NFL players with those of 29 similar people with no history of concussion. On average, the former football players reported having experienced four concussions, and they were more likely than the people without concussions to show depressive symptoms, not just in their<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=78059&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Brain Injury</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/medicine/brain-injury-medicine/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/sb10068084p-001-e1358450465177.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">Laura Blue</media:title>
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		<title>Childhood Trauma Leaves Legacy of Brain Changes</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/16/childhood-trauma-leaves-legacy-of-brain-changes/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/16/childhood-trauma-leaves-legacy-of-brain-changes/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 16 Jan 2013 13:00:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Laura Blue</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Adolescence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Genetics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stress]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Trauma]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[abuse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aggression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[aggressive tendencies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[amygdala]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[antidepressants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[behavioral problems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[child abuse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[MAOA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[orbitofrontal cortex]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[violence]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=78042</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Painful experiences early in life can alter the brain in lasting ways. A difficult reality for psychiatrists and counselors of child abuse is that young victims are at high risk of becoming offenders themselves one day, although it&#8217;s unclear why. But now a team of behavioral geneticists in Switzerland report a possible reason: early psychological trauma may actually cause lasting changes in the brain that promote aggressive behavior in adulthood. Writing this week Translational Psychiatry, the researchers describe a series or experiments conducted in rats that led them to that conclusion. Animals placed in traumatic, fear-inducing situations around the time of puberty show high and sustained levels of aggression later in life. And while rats cannot substitute for humans, the scared rats also showed changes in hormone levels, brain activity, and genetic expression that appear very similar to traits observed among troubled and unusually violent people. MORE: Watching Mean People on TV Might Turn You Into One The main implication of the research, says study co-author Carmen Sandi, is that it links two previously observed phenomena: the higher rate of aggression among those experiencing early-life stress, and the blunted activation of a brain region known as the orbitofrontal cortex among people with pathological aggression. Social learning, it seems, may not be the only thing that makes abused kids more likely to grow up aggressive. &#8220;This is a key finding which highlights the importance of not only developing social programs and politics, but also of reinforcing research that could offer valid [medical] treatments for individuals that have been victimized early in life,&#8221; says Sandi, the director of the Brain Mind Institute at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, in an email discussing the study. &#8220;We need to understand the neurobiological mechanisms to offer better solutions to break &#8216;the cycle of violence.&#8217;&#8221; In the study, Sandi and colleagues tested the rats for changes in specific regions of the brain following long periods of fear, and then tested a potential treatment to determine if it was possible to undo those brain changes. They began<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=78042&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Trauma</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/trauma-mental-health/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/6484-000046.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
		<media:thumbnail url="http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/6484-000046.jpg?w=240" />
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			<media:title type="html">6484-000046</media:title>
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		<media:content url="http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a069e8b4ff0dc386def0882f71bbfee6?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Laura Blue</media:title>
		</media:content>
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		<item>
		<title>Ketamine: Leading the Way Toward Fast-Acting Antidepressants</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/08/ketamine-leading-the-way-toward-fast-acting-antidepressants/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/01/08/ketamine-leading-the-way-toward-fast-acting-antidepressants/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 Jan 2013 21:00:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Maia Szalavitz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[antidepressants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[AZD6765]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[GLYX-13]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ketamine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ketamine antidepressant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ketamine for depression]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=77429</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It&#8217;s an anesthetic popular with veterinarians, but the latest studies show ketamine also shows promise as a potential antidepressant. Ketamine produces hallucinations, out-of-body feelings, disorientation and even amnesia that can last a few hours, which has made it not just a staple in veterinary clinics but occasionally in nightclubs as well, as a recreational drug. In a research review published last October in the journal Science, however, researchers called the growing connection between ketamine and depression “the most important advance in the field” in the depression field over the past 50 years. And now scientists report on two formulations of drugs with ketamine’s benefits, but without its consciousness-altering risks, that could advance the drug even further toward a possible treatment for depression. (MORE: Mom&#8217;s Depression May Lead to Shorter Kids) Prozac and other methods of stabilizing mood, including talk therapy, take weeks, not hours, to show benefits. A rapid-acting antidepressant like one based on ketamine could potentially be lifesaving for those with depression, since those waiting for treatment to take effect are often at high risk of suicide. In late November, the first randomized controlled trial of a ketamine-like drug, AZD6765 (made by AstraZeneca), was published in Biological Psychiatry. The study, which was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, included 22 participants with depression who had failed to respond to other treatments. Those randomly assigned to the ketamine compound showed a 32% improvement in mood, typically within an hour, compared with only 15% of those assigned to placebo. Overall, 18% of patients reached full remission, lasting two days, on the drug, in contrast with 10% of those taking placebo. (MORE: How Childhood Trauma May Make the Brain Vulnerable to Addiction, Depression) But while the drug had no significant side effects, the ketamine mimic was not nearly as effective as ketamine itself. “The antidepressant effects of AZD6765 were not as robust or sustained as those observed in our previous study of ketamine,” the authors write. With ketamine, 71% of patients had a significant positive response within a day of taking<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=77429&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Depression</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/depression/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/124466785.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">124466785</media:title>
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		<media:content url="http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0a5ac57e99124922fa628492ad3db6b2?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">MaiaSzalavitz</media:title>
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		<title>How Treating Wrinkles May Also Relieve Depression</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/12/27/how-treating-wrinkles-may-also-relieve-depression/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/12/27/how-treating-wrinkles-may-also-relieve-depression/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Dec 2012 10:45:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Maia Szalavitz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[antidepressant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[botox]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[botox for depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[prozac]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=76714</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It&#8217;s a popular cosmetic treatment, but early data hints that Botox could have a role in treating not just aging but mental illness as well. And the connection may be skin deep. Research now suggests that treating frown lines and erasing the outward signs of aging may actually lift spirits among people with depression. As odd (and superficial) as it sounds, the connection derives from a significant body of research. The idea that physical expressions of emotion influence our experience of feelings goes back to Charles Darwin, who studied emotions in both animals and humans in various cultures. Darwin referred to the frown muscles as the “grief muscles” and connected frowns to feelings of sadness. (MORE: The Internet Knows You&#8217;re Depressed, but Can It Help You?) “We feel sorry because we cry; we feel angry because we strike [out], and not vice versa,” Dr. Eric Finzi, medical director of the Chevy Chase Cosmetic Center in Maryland, said as he presented the latest study on Botox&#8217;s influence on depression at the annual meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology in December. Although later research has shown that the connection runs both ways — you can feel sorry and then cry, or the other way around — physically expressing an emotion does seem to be an important trigger for feelings. For example, forcing a frown can launch a depressed mood, while deliberately smiling can elevate it, at least temporarily (hence the research showing that people who laugh or smile regularly can improve their mood). Studies have also shown that people find jokes funnier when they place a pencil between their teeth lengthwise, which forces a smile, than when they hold it pointing outward, which doesn’t. (MORE: How Childhood Trauma May Make the Brain Vulnerable to Addiction, Depression) The new study is the second to compare Botox with a placebo, although the results have not yet been thoroughly reviewed enough for publication in a scientific journal. Two prior open-label studies and one small controlled trial, however, suggest that it holds promise. The 84 study<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=76714&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Depression</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/depression/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/101635180.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">101635180</media:title>
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		<media:content url="http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0a5ac57e99124922fa628492ad3db6b2?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">MaiaSzalavitz</media:title>
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		<title>Sibling Rivalry: Squabbling May Lead to Depressive Symptoms, Anxiety, Among Teens</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/12/21/sibling-rivalry-squabbling-may-lead-to-depressive-symptoms-anxiety-among-teens/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/12/21/sibling-rivalry-squabbling-may-lead-to-depressive-symptoms-anxiety-among-teens/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 21 Dec 2012 17:30:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Laura Blue</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Adolescence]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Childhood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Family]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parenting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stress]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Teens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[adolescents]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[anxiety]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[brothers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[depressive mood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[depressive symptoms]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[equality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fairness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[home]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[household chores]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[personal space]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[self-esteem]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sibling]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sibling conflict]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sibling rivalry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sisters]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=76560</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Anyone with a brother or sister can attest to the inevitability of conflicts during childhood, but frequent clashes may take a toll. Squabbling over two topics in particular, researchers say, may put adolescents at risk for depressive symptoms and anxiety. Psychologists at the University of Missouri reached that conclusion after surveying 145 adolescent sibling pairs over the course of a year. The researchers quizzed the kids on their sibling relationships, and also asked them to answer questionnaires to measure their self-esteem and symptoms of depression and anxiety. They found that kids with high self-esteem at the beginning of the study typically had fewer conflicts with their siblings one year later. But those who reported sibling conflict at the beginning of the study were much more likely to develop new mood problems over the following year. &#8220;There are definitely aspects that are going both ways,&#8221; says researcher Nicole Campione-Barr, an assistant professor of psychological sciences at the University of Missouri, about the possibility that sibling conflict may contribute to future emotional changes, as well as the potential that existing emotional changes may also fuel more squabbles . &#8220;But we believe that there are particular types of conflict that are setting kids up for problems,&#8221; she says. MORE: The Power of Birth Order In particular, Campione-Barr and her colleagues have identified two common themes among the sibling arguments that they studied. Kids who clash with their brothers and sisters about &#8220;equality and fairness issues&#8221; (things like who&#8217;s hogging the bathroom and whose turn it is to do the dishes) appear to be at unusually high risk of depressed mood one year later. Conversely, arguing over &#8220;personal domain conflicts&#8221; (like borrowing items without asking, or hanging around when the other sibling&#8217;s friends are over) is associated with anxiety symptoms and lower self-esteem one year later. The findings are published this week in the journal Child Development. Campione-Barr says the results are somewhat surprising since in previous research, experts had looked at sibling trust and communication, but only found an association between the personal<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=76560&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Teens</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/family-parenting/teens-family-parenting/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/new-image.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
		<media:thumbnail url="http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/new-image.jpg?w=240" />
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			<media:title type="html">Sisters arguing</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a069e8b4ff0dc386def0882f71bbfee6?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Laura Blue</media:title>
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		<title>The Trouble With Talk Therapy</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/11/27/can-branding-save-talk-therapy/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/11/27/can-branding-save-talk-therapy/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Nov 2012 19:00:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Maia Szalavitz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Illness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Viewpoint]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[branding therapists]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[evidence based treatment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lori Gottlieb]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[New York Times]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[psychoanalysis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[psychotherapy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[talk therapy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[therapy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[therapy branding]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=74794</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In a recent Sunday’s New York Times article, a psychotherapist with a freshly hung shingle describes the challenges of earning clients in a market crowded with professionals willing to listen, but with a dwindling number of patients. Her solution? Turning to a “branding consultant” who advises her, among other things, to sell herself as a specialist treating a particular type of patient and to start doing “life coaching” instead. But the trend toward “branding” may be diverting attention away from deeper problems with psychotherapy that are dissuading people from trying it and discouraging insurers from paying for sessions. MORE: Phone-Based Psychotherapy Helps Depression, At Least in the Short Term In the article, therapist Lori Gottlieb writes: What nobody taught me in grad school was that psychotherapy, a practice that had sustained itself for more than a century, is losing its customers. If this came as a shock to me, the American Psychological Association tried to send out warnings in a 2010 paper titled, “Where Has all the Psychotherapy Gone?” According to the author, 30 percent fewer patients received psychological interventions in 2008 than they did 11 years earlier; since the 1990s, managed care has increasingly limited visits and reimbursements for talk therapy but not for drug treatment…Three months into private practice, I had exactly four regular weekly clients. Her branding consultant tells her “Nobody wants to buy therapy anymore. They want to buy a solution to a problem.” While that sounds to me like a hopeful desire among people seeking help for mental illnesses, to Gottlieb, it’s a shocking development and reeks of seeking “immediate responses and constant gratification.” MORE: Do We Really Need Psychiatrists To Do Therapy? She sees therapy in a more “Woody Allen” mode, like the endless sessions of psychoanalysis practiced in the 1950s and 1960s.  She wants to explore “unconscious feelings” about other people transferred to the “blank slate” of the therapist and to provide the “opportunity” for a patient to “truly understand himself and, ultimately, change.” But psychological research on effective treatment for disorders like<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=74794&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Viewpoint</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/viewpoint/viewpoint-viewpoint/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/101689366a.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">101689366a</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">MaiaSzalavitz</media:title>
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		<title>How Gender Stereotypes Warp Our View of Depression</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/11/15/how-gender-stereotypes-warp-our-view-of-depression/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/11/15/how-gender-stereotypes-warp-our-view-of-depression/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 15 Nov 2012 19:00:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Amanda Gardner l Health.com</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Men & Women]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=73995</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Stereotypes about male and female roles may influence the way we perceive depressed people. It&#8217;s a well-known fact that men and women who behave the same way in the exact same situation—whether it&#8217;s a job interview, a cocktail party, or a traffic stop—are sometimes perceived and treated differently based on their gender. Something similar, it seems, may happen when men and women start to show signs of depression. A new study, published this week in the journal PLoS ONE, suggests that people of both sexes are less likely to view men as being depressed and in need of professional help—even if a man&#8217;s symptoms are identical to a woman&#8217;s. &#8220;A lot of attention has been paid to depression in women, and with good reason: Depression is twice as common in women,&#8221; says Dr. James B. Potash, the editor of the study and a professor of psychiatry at the University of Iowa, in Iowa City. &#8220;There has been relatively little focus on education about depression in men. This [study] emphasizes the importance of figuring out how to get through to men that depression can be disabling and treatment is important.&#8221; Health.com: 12 Signs of Depression in Men In the study, researchers in the U.K. asked a group of about 600 adults to read a short description of a hypothetical depressed person. This vignette, which was designed to illustrate the diagnostic criteria for clinical depression (also known as major depression), read in part: For the past two weeks, Kate has been feeling really down. She wakes up in the morning with a flat, heavy feeling that sticks with her all day. She isn&#8217;t enjoying things the way she normally would. In fact, nothing gives her pleasure. Even when good things happen, they don&#8217;t seem to make Kate happy. Fifty-seven percent of the study participants recognized Kate&#8217;s symptoms—which also included difficulty concentrating, fatigue, and insomnia—as indications of a mental health disorder, and more than three-quarters of those people correctly identified the disorder as depression. Only 10% of the respondents said Kate did not<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=73995&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Depression</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/depression/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/74583142depressioncrop.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
		<media:thumbnail url="http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/74583142depressioncrop.jpg?w=240" />
		<media:content url="http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/74583142depressioncrop.jpg?w=240" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Couple</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/69fc92d1c4598c5b98d03fde16cdfa74?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">apark7</media:title>
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		<title>Turn Out the Light! It May Be Making You Moody</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/11/14/turn-out-the-light-its-making-you-moody/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/11/14/turn-out-the-light-its-making-you-moody/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 14 Nov 2012 19:00:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Alexandra Sifferlin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sleep]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=73754</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Overexposure to bright light not only keeps you up at night, but animal studies show it may be linked to depressive symptoms and learning problems. That&#8217;s what Samer Hattar, a biology professor at Johns Hopkins University and his team found while studying mice exposed to repeated cycles of bright light. Previous studies hinted at the connection between continued exposure to light and depression in animals, but Hattar also found that the bright lights contributed to poorer learning as well. In the study, published in the journal Nature, the researchers exposed lab mice to 3.5 hours of light followed by 3.5 hours of darkness, which previous work shows does not disrupt sleep cycles in the animals. After two weeks of the light exposure, the mice exhibited symptoms of depression and learning deficits as well as higher levels of the stress hormone cortisol. (MORE: Unplug! Too Much Light at Night May Lead to Depression) “Of course, you can’t ask mice how they feel, but we did see an increase in depression-like behaviors, including a lack of interest in sugar or pleasure seeking, and the study mice moved around far less during some of the tests we did,” said Hattar in a statement. “They also clearly did not learn as quickly, or remember tasks as well. They were not as interested in novel objects as were mice on a regular light-darkness cycle schedule.” At the end of the experiment, the mice were treated with the anti-depressant Prozac, and their normal behaviors returned, which further suggests that their mood and learning issues were linked to depression. According to Hattar and his team, the study results may have relevance to humans since we share light-reactive cells in the eyes called intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) with mice. These cells react to bright light and activate the brain&#8216;s limbic system&#8211;which is responsible for memory and emotion. At night, the system is designed to slow down, but when exposed to light, it becomes active again, essentially working overtime, when it should be resting. &#8220;We still don’t know the exact<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=73754&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://healthland.time.com/2012/11/14/turn-out-the-light-its-making-you-moody/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Depression</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/depression/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/155773730.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">image: Light bulb</media:title>
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		<media:content url="http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/dd9dc95ff828efb70c16a5a509a75150?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">asifferlin</media:title>
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		<title>Ketamine for Depression: The Most Important Advance in Field in 50 Years?</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/10/05/ketamine-for-depression-the-most-important-advance-in-field-in-50-years/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/10/05/ketamine-for-depression-the-most-important-advance-in-field-in-50-years/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 05 Oct 2012 13:35:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Maia Szalavitz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[antidepressants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ketamine]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=70863</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In any given year, 7% of adults suffer from major depression, and at least 1 in 10 youth will reckon with the disorder at some point during their teenage years. But about 20% of these cases will not respond to current treatments; for those that do, relief may take weeks to months to come. There is one treatment, however, that works much faster: the anesthetic and &#8220;club drug&#8221; ketamine. It takes effect within hours. A single dose of ketamine produces relief of depression that has been shown in studies to last for up to 10 days; it also appears to reduce symptoms of bipolar disorder and suicidal thoughts.  Now, a new research review published in Science calls the discovery of these effects of ketamine, &#8220;&#8221;arguably the most important discovery in half a century&#8221; of depression research. Ketamine doesn&#8217;t work the way traditional antidepressants do. Many such drugs affect levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain, and while the idea that depression is caused by low levels of serotonin or an “imbalance” of other key neurotransmitters has been firmly fixed in the popular imagination, scientists have known for decades that it can&#8217;t be that simple. For one, antidepressant drugs change the brain&#8217;s neurotransmitter levels immediately, yet depression doesn’t lift for several weeks, a delay that could be potentially deadly. Another theory is that depression is caused not by neurotransmitter problems per se, but by damage to brain cells themselves in key regions critical to controlling mood. This idea fits nicely with evidence that stress can cause depression, since high levels of stress hormones can cause an overrelease of a neurotransmitter called glutamate, which damages cells and affects exactly the same suspected areas. More support for this theory comes from the fact that all known antidepressants increase cell growth in these areas too, providing an alternate explanation for their therapeutic results. At first, ketamine seemed to throw a monkey wrench into that neat idea, however. It didn’t seem likely that a drug could repair cells within hours, but new research explored<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=70863&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Depression</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/depression/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/sadness.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">sadness</media:title>
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		<media:content url="http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0a5ac57e99124922fa628492ad3db6b2?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">MaiaSzalavitz</media:title>
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		<title>A New Neighborhood May Boost Health and Happiness, If Not Wealth</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/09/21/a-new-neighborhood-may-boost-health-and-happiness-if-not-wealth/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/09/21/a-new-neighborhood-may-boost-health-and-happiness-if-not-wealth/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 21 Sep 2012 17:34:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Alexandra Sifferlin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Happiness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stress]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[economic inequality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[moving to opportunity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[neighborhoods]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[poverty]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[well-being]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=69743</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Moving poor families out of low-income neighborhoods doesn&#8217;t help increase their wealth, education or job status, but it does offer a different kind of long-term boost: better health and more happiness. In a recent study published in the journal Science, researchers analyzed data from Moving to Opportunity, a federal housing mobility experiment conducted in the 1990s. The project involved 4,600 low-income families living in poor neighborhoods in Los Angeles, New York, Baltimore, Chicago and Boston; about 2,000 families received housing vouchers that allowed them to move to mixed-income neighborhoods, while the others stayed behind. The goal was to determine how much a person&#8217;s living environment impacts his or her success. (MORE: CDC: Higher Income and Education Levels Linked to Better Health) Not much, according to the new study. Moving to neighborhoods with a lower concentration of poverty (families who received vouchers moved to communities where about one-third of residents lived in poverty, while the control group remained in neighborhoods where half of families lived in poverty) did not help people get better jobs or raise their income nor did it result in better education for children. Those findings, while disappointing, weren&#8217;t altogether surprising, researchers told the New York Times, noting that many of the children who moved still stayed in the same school district; further, because employers were looking for educated workers, switching neighborhoods didn&#8217;t improve job prospects for the participants, most of whom did not have a college education. And yet the scientists found that families who moved reported significant boosts in their physical and psychological health. Compared with families who stayed behind, those who changed neighborhoods had lower rates of diabetes, obesity, anxiety and stress. They were also much happier and less depressed: in fact, their overall level of life satisfaction rose to that of someone whose annual income was $13,000 more a year — that&#8217;s saying something for a demographic earning about $20,000 annually. &#8220;Helping poor families is about a lot more than just increasing their income,&#8221; lead study author Jens Ludwig, a University of Chicago economist, told the Wall Street Journal. (MORE:<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=69743&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Happiness</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/happiness/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/83590513.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">83590513</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">asifferlin</media:title>
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		<title>Jesse Jackson Jr.&#8217;s Bipolar 2: A Diagnosis Muddled by the Market</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/08/16/jesse-jackson-jr-s-bipolar-2-a-diagnosis-muddled-by-the-market/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/08/16/jesse-jackson-jr-s-bipolar-2-a-diagnosis-muddled-by-the-market/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 16 Aug 2012 12:00:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Maia Szalavitz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Illness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Allen Frances]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bipolar]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bipolar disorder]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bipolar I disorder]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bipolar ii disorder]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[David Healy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[diagnosis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[drug marketing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dsm]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mania]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[manic depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[marketing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pharma]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pharmaceutical industry]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[psychiatry]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=66464</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Rep. Jesse Jackson Jr. announced earlier this week through the Mayo Clinic that he is being treated for bipolar disorder, ending months of speculation about the Congressman&#8217;s mysterious medical leave and disappearance from public life in June. But the type of bipolar diagnosis he received — bipolar 2 — has been the subject of widespread controversy among mental health professionals because of its vexing relationship with pharmaceutical marketing and drug patenting. Classic bipolar disorder, now called bipolar 1 and formerly known as manic-depression, is not a disputed diagnosis. Described across centuries and cultures in recognizable forms, it is a condition characterized by extreme mood swings and affects about 1% of the population. Bipolar 1 manifests in distinct periods of intense elation, or mania, which ultimately involve a loss of contact with reality, alternating with episodes of bitter depression and sadness. In between, patients have normal mood. Bipolar 2 also involves phases of depression that alternate with elevated mood; however, in this case, patients never experience full-blown mania. Instead, they cycle between depression and “hypomania,” a state that is not so extreme that the person becomes outright delusional. They have feelings of euphoria, speeded-up thoughts and speech, irritability and sometimes increased productivity and creativity, similar to what occurs during a cocaine or amphetamine high. Bipolar 2 was added to psychiatry’s diagnostic manual, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), in 1994. The existence of people who experience the mood swings associated with the disorder is not in doubt, but the prevalence of the condition, its causes and the best ways to treat it are all controversial. (MORE: Antipsychotic Prescriptions in Children Have Skyrocketed: Study) One issue is that diagnoses of bipolar 2 and indeed bipolar disorder in general increased massively, particularly among youth, after the diagnosis was expanded. One study, published in 2007 in the Archives of General Psychiatry, found that between 1994 and 2003, youth visits to doctors resulting in a bipolar diagnosis increased by a factor of 40 and adult diagnostic visits nearly doubled. With the broader diagnosis,<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=66464&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Mental Illness</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/mental-illness-mental-health/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/hl_bipolar_0815.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">Jesse Jackson Jr. Treated for Depression</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0a5ac57e99124922fa628492ad3db6b2?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">MaiaSzalavitz</media:title>
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		<title>How Childhood Trauma May Make the Brain Vulnerable to Addiction, Depression</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/08/01/how-childhood-trauma-may-make-the-brain-vulnerable-to-addiction-depression/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/08/01/how-childhood-trauma-may-make-the-brain-vulnerable-to-addiction-depression/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 01 Aug 2012 20:23:42 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Maia Szalavitz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Addiction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[brain differences]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[child abuse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[child maltreatment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[child trauma]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[substance use disorders]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[teens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[white matter]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=65312</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Childhood trauma has long been known to raise a child's odds of developing depression and addiction later on. Now, a small but intriguing new study links these risks to specific changes in the brain<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=65312&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Depression</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/depression/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/bd0771-001.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">BD0771-001</media:title>
		</media:content>

		<media:content url="http://0.gravatar.com/avatar/0a5ac57e99124922fa628492ad3db6b2?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">MaiaSzalavitz</media:title>
		</media:content>
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		<title>More Evidence that Exercise May Help Treat Depression</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/08/01/more-evidence-that-exercise-may-help-treat-depression/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/08/01/more-evidence-that-exercise-may-help-treat-depression/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 01 Aug 2012 15:00:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Laura Blue</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Body & Mind]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Diet & Fitness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Exercise]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Heart Disease]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[heart failure]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=65137</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It&#8217;s no surprise that upbeat, motivated people find it easier to get out and exercise. But exercise itself can actually improve mood and motivation as well, particularly for people with heart failure, a new study shows. The finding is exciting not only because depression is very common and can be deeply debilitating among people with heart failure — up to 40% are clinically depressed and three-quarters score higher than average on tests of depressive symptoms, according to background information in the study — but it&#8217;s also consistent with previous research suggesting that exercise may be effective as a treatment for depression more widely. &#8220;This study shows that exercise is associated not only with physical health benefits, but important mental health benefits as well,&#8221; lead study author James Blumenthal told reporters. The findings are published this week in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). (MORE: Q&#38;A: How a Little Exercise Brings Big Benefits) For the new study, more than 2,000 patients with heart failure across the U.S., Canada and France were tested for possible depression and then were randomly assigned to receive either usual care for their heart condition, or usual care plus a program of aerobic exercise — either riding a stationary bike or using a treadmill. After three months and again after 12 months, the study participants were followed up for depressive symptoms. The exercise group saw modest but statistically unambiguous reductions in depressive symptoms compared with the group that didn&#8217;t exercise. After 30 months, when the study concluded, the exercise group was also found to have a very slightly lower risk of hospitalization and of death. This difference, although small, was also statistically unambiguous, in that there was a large enough number of people in the trial that it&#8217;s unlikely the finding was due to chance alone. (MORE: Exercise Keeps Muscles Young, Even in Elderly Heart Patients) Blumenthal, a psychology professor at Duke University Medical Center, added that exercise has been shown to be safe for people with heart failure, and that exercise does not need to be<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=65137&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Heart Disease</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/medicine/heart-disease/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/143174650.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">143174650</media:title>
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		<media:content url="http://1.gravatar.com/avatar/a069e8b4ff0dc386def0882f71bbfee6?s=96&#38;d=http%3A%2F%2Fs0.wp.com%2Fi%2Fmu.gif&#38;r=G" medium="image">
			<media:title type="html">Laura Blue</media:title>
		</media:content>
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		<title>Study: Shaky Mental Health Linked to Higher Death Risk</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/08/01/study-shaky-mental-health-linked-to-higher-death-risk/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/08/01/study-shaky-mental-health-linked-to-higher-death-risk/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 01 Aug 2012 14:00:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Laura Blue</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Brain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cancer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Happiness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Heart Disease]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Longevity]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Illness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stress]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[BMJ]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[death risk]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[psychological distress]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=65212</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Even minor mental health issues may raise the risk of death, a new U.K. study finds. Among disease-free, healthy adults in the study, the more signs of psychological distress that people had, the higher the death rates they experienced — even at low levels of distress, the study authors say, and even after accounting for a large number of health conditions and health behaviors that might explain the link. In the past, other studies have also found a link between mental health and mortality risk. But to date it&#8217;s been hard to tell whether psychological distress is really contributing to poor physical health, or whether, instead, some people who are already sick — and so at higher risk of death to begin with — simply become upset or anxious because they don&#8217;t feel well physically. This latest study attempts to separate cause from effect. For the study, released this week in the journal BMJ (formerly the British Medical Journal), researchers analyzed several years of data from a large, general population survey in England. While it&#8217;s never truly possible in this type of study to say that one thing definitely causes another, the analysis only included adults without known heart disease or cancer at the beginning of the study — a restriction meant to eliminate people whose poor health might be affecting their mood. It also adjusted statistically for a number of other things that might be related both to death risk and to mental health, including age, sex, social class, diabetes status, cigarette consumption, and body mass index (a measure of weight relative to height). (MORE: Unplug! Too Much Light at Night May Lead to Depression) In one final analysis, the researchers then looked exclusively at the relationship between mental health and deaths that occurred at least five years after psychological distress had been measured — yet another technique to limit the possibility that any link between mental health and mortality is the result of people becoming distressed once they&#8217;re already at death&#8217;s door. In all the analyses, people with<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=65212&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Longevity</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/medicine/longevity/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/103060441.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">Laura Blue</media:title>
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		<title>Psychological Abuse: More Common, as Harmful as Other Child Maltreatment</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/07/30/psychological-abuse-more-common-and-equally-devastating-as-other-child-maltreatment/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/07/30/psychological-abuse-more-common-and-equally-devastating-as-other-child-maltreatment/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 30 Jul 2012 12:00:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Laura Blue</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Childhood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Emotion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Family]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Family & Parenting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parenting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prevention]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stress]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Trauma]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bully]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[child abuse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[demean]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[emotional abuse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[humiliate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[neglect]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[physical abuse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[psychological abuse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sexual abuse]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=64939</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It may be the most common kind of child abuse — and the most challenging to deal with. But psychological abuse, or emotional abuse, rarely gets the kind of attention that sexual or physical abuse receives. That&#8217;s the message of a trio of pediatricians, who write this week in the journal Pediatrics with a clarion call to other family doctors and child specialists: stay alert to the signs of psychological maltreatment. Its effects can be every bit as devastating as those of other abuse. Psychological maltreatment can include terrorizing, belittling or neglecting a child, the pediatrician authors say. (MORE: Child Abuse Pediatricians Recommend Basic Parenting Classes to Reduce Maltreatment and Neglect) &#8220;We are talking about extremes and the likelihood of harm, or risk of harm, resulting from the kinds of behavior that make a child feel worthless, unloved or unwanted,&#8221; Harriet MacMillan, one of the three pediatrician authors, told reporters. What makes this kind maltreatment so challenging for pediatricians and for social services staff, however, is that it&#8217;s not defined by any one specific event, but rather by the nature of the relationship between caregiver and child. That makes it unusually hard to identify. Keeping a child in a constant state of fear is abuse, for example. But even the most loving parent will occasionally lose their cool and yell. Likewise, depriving a child of ordinary social interaction is also abuse, but there&#8217;s nothing wrong with sending a school-aged boy to stew alone in his room for an hour after he hits a younger sibling. All of this means that, for an outsider who observes even some dubious parenting practice, it can be hard to tell whether a relationship is actually abusive, or whether you&#8217;ve simply caught a family on a bad day. (MORE: How Child Abuse Primes the Brain for Future Mental Illness) Psychological abuse can also include what you might call &#8220;corrupting a child&#8221; — encouraging children to use illicit drugs, for example, or to engage in other illegal activities. In their Pediatrics paper, MacMillan and co-authors say<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=64939&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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	<primary_category>Childhood</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/family-parenting/childhood/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/flashlight.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">Laura Blue</media:title>
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