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	<title>Health &#38; FamilyCategory: Emotion &#124; Health &#38; Family &#124; TIME.com</title>
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		<title>Health &#38; FamilyCategory: Emotion &#124; Health &#38; Family &#124; TIME.com</title>
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		<title>Can Tylenol Dissolve Feelings of Dread?</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/04/19/tylenol-fights-fear-of-the-abyss/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/04/19/tylenol-fights-fear-of-the-abyss/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 19 Apr 2013 12:00:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Maia Szalavitz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Drugs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Emotion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[acetaminophen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[David Lynch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dread]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[existential angst]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fear]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fear of death]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[surrealism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tylenol]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=84891</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Thinking about death, fearing the unknown and worrying about the future aren&#8217;t traditionally considered sources of physical pain, but they may be susceptible to the same pain-killing treatments.   Tylenol (acetaminophen) isn’t the most obvious remedy for dread— unlike, say, heroin or a stiff drink, it isn’t known to provide the emotional escape that fear of dying might require. But recent research suggests a strong connection between the pathways responsible for physical and social pain, that hints the same treatments might work for both. One study, for example, revealed an intriguing connection between the over-the-counter medication and its ability to lessen the sting of social rejection. So Daniel Randles, a PhD candidate at the University of British Columbia and his colleagues decided to see if the interaction ran deeper. Perhaps, they thought, the pain-processing region in the brain reacts to many types of unexpected, potentially negative events. After all, both pain and social rejection involve unpredictable and distressing events that could lead to behavioral changes to avoid those situations in the future. Uncertainty also tends to increase both types of pain. MORE: Can Doctors Feel Their Patients&#8217; Pain? “Our research focuses on a particular region of the brain, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (DACC),” says Randles, the lead author of the study, published in Psychological Science. “This region is known to process physical pain and manage social pain as well.” But to recreate the same uncertain, distressing feeling among participants in a study setting, Randles and his team had to get creative. They assigned more than 120 college students to take either a 1,000mg dose of Tylenol or a placebo, and asked half of each group to write about what would happen to their body after they died, and the other half to discuss dental pain, which doesn&#8217;t (at least for most people) trigger the same deep, existential dread or anxiety. To see how the pain killer affected their sense of unease, the volunteers were then asked to consider setting bail for a woman arrested for prostitution. Prior studies showed that thinking<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=84891&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Emotion</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/emotion-mental-health/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/157524504.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">MaiaSzalavitz</media:title>
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		<item>
		<title>How to Terrify the Fearless</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2013/02/11/how-to-terrify-the-fearless/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2013/02/11/how-to-terrify-the-fearless/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 11 Feb 2013 19:35:53 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Maia Szalavitz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Emotion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[amygdala]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fear]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fearlessness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[panic]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[panic disorder]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[urbach-wiethe disease]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=79943</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A rare genetic condition that leaves people unable to feel fear provides clues about which regions in the brain regulate the emotion — and which may not. Until recently, SM, a 44 year-old mother of three, was completely fearless.  She has casually picked up large snakes that terrified her children, and tried to touch tarantulas despite being warned about their painful bites. When a mugger put a knife to her throat, she reacted with such eerie coolness that the man simply let her go. SM has Urbach-Wiethe disease, a genetic disorder that only affects a few hundred people worldwide. It progressively destroys the amygdala, the almond-shaped part of the brain that researchers believe is the anatomical seat of fear.  While SM did feel some fear during her childhood before the disease progressed, after age 10, she apparently could not be frightened. MORE:  How to Win Friends:  Have a Big Amygdala? While participating in a study about the role of the amygdala in fear, however, SM felt panic and terror for the first time since youth.  She was gasping for breath, trembling and calling out in fright. And her experience — along with those of two other patients with the same disease — has shown for the first time that the amygdala may not be so essential to triggering the emotion. The results of the study, which was led by John Wemmie of the University of Iowa and published in Nature Neuroscience, may offer insight into the way we react to different kinds of fear, and reveal what drives panic disorder. SM had participated in a previous study, involving potentially terrifying experiences with snakes, spiders, an amusement park haunted house and horror films.  None of them frightened her, and she enjoyed the films. But in the new research, scientists may have finally found her fear trigger. SM, along with the two other patients with the same disease, inhaled carbon dioxide, the gas that we normally exhale which each breath. At the concentration used in the study, the gas produces “air hunger,” or the<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=79943&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Emotion</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/emotion-mental-health/</primary_category_link>
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			<media:title type="html">MaiaSzalavitz</media:title>
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		<title>Toddlers&#8217; Early Language Skills May Influence Later Anger Management</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/12/27/toddlers-early-language-skills-may-influence-later-anger-management/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/12/27/toddlers-early-language-skills-may-influence-later-anger-management/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Dec 2012 10:45:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Laura Blue</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Childhood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Emotion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parenting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[acting out]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[anger]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[behavior problems]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[emotional regulation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[frustration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Language]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[language skills]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[learning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pre-school]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pre-schoolers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tantrums]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[toddlers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[vocabulary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[words]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=76660</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Ah, the terrible twos: in between those heart-warming moments of wonder and devotion are those tantrums over having to put socks on that define this year of development. But the latest research shows that if those outbursts continue past the terrible twos, they may be a sign of poorly developed language skills. In a new study published in the journal Child Development, researchers draw links between communication skills that kids develop as toddlers and the emotional development that occurs during early childhood. The findings suggest that language and vocabulary at the earliest ages may lay a foundation for emotional regulation among children as they enter preschool and beyond. (MORE: The Bright Side of Anger: It Motivates Others) Psychologists at Penn State followed 120 young children, first surveyed as toddlers at 18 months, and then visited or interviewed them every six months until just after their fourth birthdays. The researchers tested and assessed the children&#8217;s early language skills, including their vocabulary when talking at home with their parents. Periodically, they would also test how well the kids dealt with frustration and anger, by presenting each child with a shiny gift-wrapped bag, closed with a ribbon. The kids were told they had to wait several long, boring minutes before they could open it. Then the researchers would watch the children&#8217;s reactions. In the paper, the authors say that there&#8217;s good reason to suspect a link between language ability and managing emotion. They write: [Y]oung children who acquire language quickly and well should be able to think about rules (&#8220;Mommy said wait&#8221;), to communicate needs calmly (language mitigates the need to express needs nonverbally), and, when needed, to sustain a shift of attention rather than focus on something they cannot have (language enriches the content of the activities, such as pretend play, that distract the child from the desired object or activity). In fact, the results of the study seem to bear out that suspicion. &#8220;We found that toddlers who have stronger language skills than other toddlers, and whose language skills develop faster over<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=76660&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Behavior</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/behavior/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/157421754.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">Laura Blue</media:title>
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		<item>
		<title>Understanding Why Music Moves Us</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/12/24/understanding-why-music-moves-us/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/12/24/understanding-why-music-moves-us/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 24 Dec 2012 17:00:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Maia Szalavitz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Culture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Emotion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[dancing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[music]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[music and movement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[music psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[why we dance]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=76429</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[They say that writing about music is like dancing about architecture.  But why don&#8217;t we dance to paintings— or for that matter, buildings— anyway? The latest research hints at why. According to a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, music and dance share a parallel expression of emotion.  The new research suggests that the two disciplines can express a mood together, with complementary methods of generating the dynamics of feeling. The intuitive link between our feelings and movements is so strong that even the word “emotion” includes the word “motion.” And across cultures, the three-way connection between music, motion and feelings is maintained, such that being “moved” by either feelings or music is not just a concept of English-speaking people. MORE: How an Appreciation for the Arts May Boost Stroke Recovery To better understand the roots of this deep connection, researchers at Dartmouth created a computer program that could produce either music or movement.  Slider bars— similar to those on a mixing board— were created to control either the motion of an animated ball or the single notes of a piano, but not both at the same time. Participants in the study included two very dissimilar groups:  50 college students in the U.S., and 87 villagers living in L’ak, a remote area of Cambodia, which is populated by the Kreung people.  In this tribal group, music and dance mainly appear in ceremonies like weddings, funerals and animal sacrifices.  The Kreung village is so isolated that members had never had any experiences with computers prior to the experiment. In both the U.S. and Cambodian groups, participants were split into two groups for the experiment.  All of them had to use the computer program to represent five different emotions:  angry, happy, peaceful, sad and scared.  But one group used the program in which the ball represented the emotion in movement, while the other used the program to play music to represent the feeling. The program the scientists created allowed the participants to depict different aspects of the<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=76429&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Emotion</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/emotion-mental-health/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/12/85577665a.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">85577665a</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">MaiaSzalavitz</media:title>
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		<item>
		<title>To Really Read Emotions, Look at Body Language, Not Facial Expressions</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/11/30/to-really-read-emotions-look-at-body-language-not-facial-expressions/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/11/30/to-really-read-emotions-look-at-body-language-not-facial-expressions/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Nov 2012 17:30:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Laura Blue</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Autism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Emotion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Empathy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Perception]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social Connection]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[extreme emotion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[faces]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tennis]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=75134</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[We like to think we can read people like a book, relying mostly on tell-tale facial expressions that give away the emotions inside: the way the brows lift slightly with alarm, or the crow&#8217;s feet that crinkle with a wide smile. But when it comes to the strongest emotions, we read much less from facial expressions than we think we do. In fact, even though we believe it&#8217;s the face that tells the story, we&#8217;re typically reading something very different: body language and social cues. That&#8217;s the new, counterintuitive finding from a study published this week in the journal Science. Researchers from Princeton, New York University, and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem presented volunteer study participants with a series of pictures showing people experiencing extreme emotion, either positive or negative. The images included professional tennis players who had just won or lost a point in a major match, as well as people undergoing nipple piercing, and those in the throes of orgasm. In some of the images, researchers would only show the study participants a face; in others, only a body; and in others still, both the body and the face. You might think it&#8217;d be obvious from a face whether someone is in pain (having a nipple pierced) or whether he has just won Wimbledon. But it turns out it isn&#8217;t. (MORE: More Sleep Means More Focused, Emotionally Stable Kids) &#8220;The striking finding was that our participants had no clue if the emotion was positive or negative, when they were judging isolated faces,&#8221; says lead study author Hillel Aviezer from Hebrew University in an email response discussing the findings. &#8220;By contrast, when they were judging the body (with no face), or the body with the face, they easily differentiated positive from negative expressions.&#8221; The findings are doubly surprising because the study participants themselves were convinced that they recognized the emotions from the faces, not from body language or contextual cues. &#8220;They even had their own &#8216;mini theories&#8217; about what part of the face was most important &#8211; but this<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=75134&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Emotion</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/emotion-mental-health/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/200568394-002.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">Laura Blue</media:title>
		</media:content>
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		<item>
		<title>Psychological Abuse: More Common, as Harmful as Other Child Maltreatment</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2012/07/30/psychological-abuse-more-common-and-equally-devastating-as-other-child-maltreatment/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2012/07/30/psychological-abuse-more-common-and-equally-devastating-as-other-child-maltreatment/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 30 Jul 2012 12:00:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Laura Blue</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Child Development]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Childhood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Depression]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Emotion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Family]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Family & Parenting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Medicine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Parenting]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Prevention]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Psychology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stress]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Trauma]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bully]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[child abuse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[demean]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[emotional abuse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[humiliate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[neglect]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[physical abuse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[psychological abuse]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sexual abuse]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=64939</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It may be the most common kind of child abuse — and the most challenging to deal with. But psychological abuse, or emotional abuse, rarely gets the kind of attention that sexual or physical abuse receives. That&#8217;s the message of a trio of pediatricians, who write this week in the journal Pediatrics with a clarion call to other family doctors and child specialists: stay alert to the signs of psychological maltreatment. Its effects can be every bit as devastating as those of other abuse. Psychological maltreatment can include terrorizing, belittling or neglecting a child, the pediatrician authors say. (MORE: Child Abuse Pediatricians Recommend Basic Parenting Classes to Reduce Maltreatment and Neglect) &#8220;We are talking about extremes and the likelihood of harm, or risk of harm, resulting from the kinds of behavior that make a child feel worthless, unloved or unwanted,&#8221; Harriet MacMillan, one of the three pediatrician authors, told reporters. What makes this kind maltreatment so challenging for pediatricians and for social services staff, however, is that it&#8217;s not defined by any one specific event, but rather by the nature of the relationship between caregiver and child. That makes it unusually hard to identify. Keeping a child in a constant state of fear is abuse, for example. But even the most loving parent will occasionally lose their cool and yell. Likewise, depriving a child of ordinary social interaction is also abuse, but there&#8217;s nothing wrong with sending a school-aged boy to stew alone in his room for an hour after he hits a younger sibling. All of this means that, for an outsider who observes even some dubious parenting practice, it can be hard to tell whether a relationship is actually abusive, or whether you&#8217;ve simply caught a family on a bad day. (MORE: How Child Abuse Primes the Brain for Future Mental Illness) Psychological abuse can also include what you might call &#8220;corrupting a child&#8221; — encouraging children to use illicit drugs, for example, or to engage in other illegal activities. In their Pediatrics paper, MacMillan and co-authors say<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=64939&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Childhood</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/family-parenting/childhood/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/flashlight.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">flashlight</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">Laura Blue</media:title>
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		<title>Got Money? Then You Might Lack Compassion</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2011/12/21/got-money-then-you-might-lack-compassion/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2011/12/21/got-money-then-you-might-lack-compassion/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 21 Dec 2011 10:00:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Jeffrey Kluger</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Behavior]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Body & Mind]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Emotion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Social Connection]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[caregiving]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[compassion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[empathy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[income]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wealth]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=49781</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Pity the poor plutocrat. Politicians want to tax them, Occupy Wall Streeters mock them, 99% of their fellow citizens are mad at them (even if they secretly want to be one of them). Now comes word from the University of California, Berkeley, that is not likely to send their approval ratings any higher: a new study has confirmed that the richer you are the less compassionate you are — and don&#8217;t gloat, you upper-middle classers, that includes you too. In a study just published in the straightforwardly named journal Emotion, psychologist Jennifer Stellar sought to determine the empathic capacities of a sample group of 300 college students, who had been hand-selected for maximum economic diversity. As a rule, of course, college students have just one income level: poor — which is why they spend so much time writing home for money. Stellar thus chose her subjects based on the income of the people who respond to the requests and write the checks: the parents. In the first of three experiments, she had 148 of her subjects fill out a detailed questionnaire reporting how often and how intensely they experience emotions such as joy, love, compassion and awe. She also had them agree or disagree with statements like &#8220;I often notice people who need help.&#8221; Such self-reported data ought to be notoriously unreliable, since not many of us are likely to respond honestly if our answers make us look like a louse. But personality inventories are a long-standing staple of psychological testing — especially since the scoring is designed to correct for self-flattering grade inflation. MORE: How Being Socially Connected May Sap Your Empathy When the numbers on these inventories were crunched, Stellar and her colleagues found no meaningful personality differences among the students that could be attributable to income except one: across the board, the lower the subjects&#8217; family income, the higher their score on compassion. The second study involved a smaller group of 64 subjects who watched two videos — an emotionally neutral instructional video on construction techniques, and<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=49781&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://healthland.time.com/2011/12/21/got-money-then-you-might-lack-compassion/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Emotion</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/emotion-mental-health/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/1034515191.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">jkluger</media:title>
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		<title>Rats Show Empathy and Free Their Trapped Companions</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2011/12/08/rats-show-empathy-and-free-their-trapped-companions/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2011/12/08/rats-show-empathy-and-free-their-trapped-companions/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 08 Dec 2011 20:14:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Maia Szalavitz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Emotion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[altruism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[empathy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[jaak panksepp]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jean Decety]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kindness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rat empathy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rats]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=48661</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Rats may not be, well, such rats after all. In the first study of its kind, researchers show that rats engage in empathy-driven behavior, helping to free a trapped cagemate for no reward other than relieving its fellow rat&#8217;s distress. Rats chose to help each other out of traps, even when a stash of delicious chocolate chips was on the line. Although previous research has suggested that empathy isn&#8217;t just the province of humans, this is the first study to show such pro-social behavior in rodents. Researchers say the basic understanding of empathy in lower animals could help scientists&#8217; understand it better, and even increase it in people. &#8220;It&#8217;s a neat new experimental procedure that may facilitate the empirical understanding of empathy,&#8221; says Jaak Panksepp, a pioneer in the study of emotions in animals, who wrote a commentary that appeared alongside the new research in the journal Science. MORE: Mind Reading: Psychologist Simon Baron-Cohen on Empathy and the Science of Evil In the study, same-sex rats were first housed in pairs in the same cage for two weeks. Then, during the testing sessions, one rat was allowed to run free, while the other was trapped in a plastic restraining tube. The restraining device was designed so that the free rat could liberate the trapped one, if it could figure out how to tip over the door. In control conditions, the restrainer was either empty or contained a toy rat. &#8220;We wanted to have a cool paradigm to look at whether rats understand another&#8217;s state of mind, and also act on it intentionally,&#8221; says the study&#8217;s senior author, Jean Decety, professor of psychology and psychiatry at the University of Chicago. He explains that prior research on empathy in rats had looked only at their reactions to other animals in fear and pain. While those studies show that rats pick up the fear and stress of other rats and become frightened themselves, a phenomenon known as &#8220;emotional contagion,&#8221; they can&#8217;t demonstrate whether they want to help or whether they are just sensitive<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=48661&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Emotion</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/emotion-mental-health/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/110687141a.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">MaiaSzalavitz</media:title>
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		<title>Telltale Signs You&#8217;ve Got the &#8216;Love Hormone&#8217; Gene?</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2011/11/17/telltale-signs-youve-got-the-love-hormone-gene/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2011/11/17/telltale-signs-youve-got-the-love-hormone-gene/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 17 Nov 2011 17:45:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Maia Szalavitz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Emotion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=47134</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Can you tell at first glance if someone is likely to be a good partner or parent? New research suggests that observers can identify the most nurturing and socially sensitive people, just by watching their behavior for 20 seconds — and that these highly empathetic people are more likely to have a gene variation associated with trust and caring. The genetic variation affects the receptor for oxytocin, often referred to as the &#8220;love hormone&#8221; or &#8220;cuddle chemical&#8221; because it plays a role in social bonding, trust, empathy and generosity. Levels of oxytocin increase during orgasm and childbirth, and it helps the formation of bonds between friends, lovers, and parents and children. Research has shown that people with two G variants of the gene are more empathetic and &#8220;prosocial,&#8221; showing more compassion, cooperation and positive emotion. In contrast, those with the at least one A version of the gene tend to be less empathetic, may have worse mental health and are more likely to be autistic. MORE: &#8216;Love Hormone&#8217; Oxytocin Enhances Men&#8217;s Memories of Mom — Good or Bad In the new study, researchers videotaped 23 romantic couples while one person listened to his or her significant other describe a time of personal suffering. Then, 116 strangers were asked to watch silent 20-second clips of the videos and rate the listeners on how supportive and trustworthy they seemed. People who were rated as most empathetic based on their body language and behavior — things like keeping eye contact, smiling and nodding while their partner spoke, and having open body posture — were also more likely to have the GG genotype, researchers found. Of the 10 people rated the most trustworthy, six had the GG variant; of the 10 rated lowest on trust, nine had two copies of the A gene variation. &#8220;We were floored by how strongly significant the results were by genotype for such a small number of people evaluated,&#8221; says Sarina Rodrigues Saturn, assistant professor of psychology at Oregon State University and an author of the study. Men who<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=47134&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Emotion</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/emotion-mental-health/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2011/11/birth_rates_11171.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">love hormone empathy gene</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">MaiaSzalavitz</media:title>
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		<title>Twitter Knows What You&#8217;re Feeling</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2011/09/30/twitter-knows-what-youre-feeling/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2011/09/30/twitter-knows-what-youre-feeling/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 30 Sep 2011 12:30:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Bryan Walsh</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Emotion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[emotion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mood]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[social media]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[twitter]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=43894</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Most of us use Twitter to a) self-promote, b) find out what Kim Kardashian is up to, or c) freak out over the news. But for social scientists, a 24/7 global stream of constantly updated status messages is a rich vein for research — as Michael Macy and Scott Golder of Cornell University learned when they combed through more than 500 million tweets as part of a study that is being published in the Sept. 29 Science. Macy and Golder searched those half a billion tweets — published by users from 84 countries between February 2008 and January 2010 — for roughly 1,000 words associated with both positive and negative emotions. The researchers also looked for emoticons. What they discovered is that Twitter can serve as a kind of global mood ring, reflecting the rise and fall of emotions around the world. On Twitter, the researchers discovered, emotions tend to run positively in the morning, peaking around breakfast time before falling and bottoming out in the late afternoon, then rebounding again in the evening. That pattern held up across cultures and countries. Interestingly, the same mood cycle recurs on the weekends, except pushed back a couple of hours since people tend to sleep and wake up later, which seems to indicate that it&#8217;s not simply the annoyance of being at work — and the pleasure of being off the clock — that drives those cycles, as Golder told the New York Times: This is a significant finding because one explanation out there for the pattern was just that people hate going to work. But if that were the case, the pattern should be different on the weekends, and it&#8217;s not. That suggests that something more fundamental is driving this — that it&#8217;s due to biological or circadian factors. Of course, work probably does play a role in driving our mood. Global emotions tended to hit an overall low on Monday afternoons before steadily rising and peaking on the weekends — although you could have learned that by listening to Rebecca Black.<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=43894&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Emotion</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/emotion-mental-health/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2011/09/hl_twt_0930.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">hl_twt_0930</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">bryanrwalsh</media:title>
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		<title>5 Ways to Let Go of a Grudge</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2011/08/18/5-ways-to-let-go-of-a-grudge/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2011/08/18/5-ways-to-let-go-of-a-grudge/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 18 Aug 2011 22:08:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Sora Song</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Emotion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bitterness]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[elizabeth cohen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[embitterment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[holding a grudge]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=41164</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Getting angry is one thing. Holding a bitter grudge is another. Over the long term, chronic feelings of resentment can harm your physical health, according to the authors of a new book, Embitterment. The influence of negative emotions is so powerful that the authors think there should be a new diagnosis called post-traumatic embitterment disorder, or PTED, for those who can&#8217;t forgive the people who have wronged them, reports CNN&#8217;s senior medical correspondent Elizabeth Cohen in her new &#8220;Empowered Patient&#8221; column. Like other negative emotions — stress and depression among them — bitterness has physical consequences: high blood pressure, elevated heart rate, increased risk of heart disease. The longer you hold a grudge, the more likely your negative emotions will take a toll on your heart and your health. &#8220;The data that negative mental states cause heart problems is just stupendous,&#8221; Dr. Charles Raison, associate professor of psychiatry at Emory University School of Medicine, told CNN. &#8220;The data is just as established as smoking, and the size of the effect is the same.&#8221; Life is nothing if not unjust, however, so we&#8217;re all apt to feel bitter about something at some point in our lives. The trick is not to let it become a chronic problem. Cohen offers five tips to keep your anger from festering. I&#8217;ve summed them up, below, but to get a fuller picture, you should read Cohen&#8217;s column in its entirety on CNN: Vent to a friend about what&#8217;s bothering you Remember that you&#8217;re not the only person in the world who&#8217;s ever been wronged Consider confronting the person who injured you Realize you&#8217;re only hurting yourself by holding a grudge Try to see things from the other person&#8217;s point of view<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=41164&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Emotion</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/emotion-mental-health/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/angry-grudge.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">angry grudge</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">Sora Song</media:title>
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		<title>Study: Crying Won&#8217;t Make You Feel Better</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2011/08/01/study-crying-wont-make-you-feel-better/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2011/08/01/study-crying-wont-make-you-feel-better/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 01 Aug 2011 14:00:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Meredith Melnick</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Emotion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[body odd]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[crying]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[emotion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[journal of personality research]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mood]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=39668</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[There&#8217;s something cathartic about having a good cry and &#8220;letting it all out,&#8221; even if you don&#8217;t have anything in particular that&#8217;s bringing you down. Or maybe not. Data published in the Journal of Research in Personality found that shedding tears had no effect on mood for nearly two-thirds of a group of women who kept daily emotion journals. &#8220;Crying is not nearly as beneficial as people think it is,&#8221; Jonathan Rottenberg, lead author of the study and an associate professor of psychology at the University of South Florida, told MSNBC&#8217;s blog the Body Odd. &#8220;Only a minority of crying episodes were associated with mood improvement — against conventional wisdom.&#8221; (MORE: The Crying Game: Women&#8217;s Tears Dial Down Testosterone) As part of the study, 97 Dutch women between the ages of 18 and 48 logged a total of 1,004 crying episodes in daily mood journals they kept over a three-month period. For 61% of the women, crying didn&#8217;t improve their mood at all, although the tears didn&#8217;t make them feel worse. Only 9% of respondents reported feeling more sad after a crying jag, while 30% reported feeling better. Rottenberg suspects that crying isn&#8217;t the physically cleansing act that many have assumed it is and suggests that those who felt better after a waterworks session may not have benefited from the actual tears so much as the social support and showings of affection they elicited. (MORE: Why Adults Cry So Easily in Animated Kids&#8217; Movies) The study also offered a peek into the private act of crying — when, how long and why the women experienced their outbursts. The participants reported crying sessions lasting an average of eight minutes, either alone or in the presence of one other person. The majority of crying occurred in the living room, and the women said the main reasons for their tears were conflict, loss and empathy over another&#8217;s suffering. Meredith Melnick is a reporter at TIME. Find her on Twitter at @MeredithCM. You can also continue the discussion on TIME&#8217;s Facebook page and on<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=39668&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Emotion</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/emotion-mental-health/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/crying.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">crying</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">meredithmelnick</media:title>
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		<title>Why Your Embarrassment Causes Me So Much Pain</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2011/05/05/why-your-embarassment-causes-me-so-much-pain/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2011/05/05/why-your-embarassment-causes-me-so-much-pain/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 05 May 2011 15:00:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Maia Szalavitz</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Emotion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[American Idol]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[disgust]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[embarrassment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[empathy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[humiliation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[insula]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pain]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=32509</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Ever find yourself physically cringing as you watch those hopeful contestants on American Idol who have no clue that they can&#8217;t sing? If so, you&#8217;re probably a highly empathetic person, according to new study published in the journal PloS One. In fact, the study finds, the experience of vicarious embarrassment affects the same brain regions that light up when you empathize with someone&#8217;s physical pain. The study adds to a growing body of literature suggesting that physical and emotional pain are processed in the same brain regions, which is probably why we describe ourselves as &#8220;hurt&#8221; whether we&#8217;ve just been dumped by a lover or broken a leg. Now add watching someone walk around with toilet paper on their shoe to the list of shared emotional trauma. The new research suggests not only that we empathize with other people&#8217;s embarrassment as we do their pain, but that we also experience this vicarious emotion whether or not we the person being embarrassed is aware of their social predicament. In the study, which was led by Soren Krach of Phillipps University in Marburg, Germany, 480 women and 139 men were asked to rate how they would feel if they themselves experienced certain embarrassing scenarios or observed others in the same situation. The vignettes included experiences like stumbling during a speech or slipping in the mud — some were accidental faux pas, and others were situations where the person deliberately violated social rules, like belching loudly. In these examples, both the embarrassed person and the audience were aware of the humiliation. Alternatively situations were described in which the people being embarrassed were unaware of their humiliation, such as walking around unknowingly with their fly unzipped. When imagining themselves as the embarrassed party, the study participants felt most uncomfortable when putting themselves in accidentally humiliating situations that everyone knew about. However, when asked to imagine observing other people in similar situations, the participants&#8217; vicarious embarrassment was even greater — especially in those cases of people who were blind to their own humiliation. The higher<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=32509&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Emotion</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/emotion-mental-health/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/embarassment.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">embarassment</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">MaiaSzalavitz</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Is It O.K. to Feel Happy About Osama bin Laden&#8217;s Death?</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2011/05/02/is-it-o-k-to-feel-happy-about-osama-bin-ladens-death/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2011/05/02/is-it-o-k-to-feel-happy-about-osama-bin-ladens-death/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 02 May 2011 23:15:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Meredith Melnick</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Emotion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[9/11 families]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[9/11 victims]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[celebration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[closure]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[death]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Osama bin Laden]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[post traumatic stress disorder]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[reaction]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[who is osama bin laden]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=32281</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[How is one supposed to react to the violent end met by one of the world&#8217;s most violent men? Some people took to the streets cheering and chanting, &#8220;U.S.A.! U.S.A.!&#8221; Others experienced quiet relief that a terrorist had been eliminated. For others, the news rekindled old feelings of trauma and pain. (More on TIME.com: &#8220;Photos: Celebrating the Death of Osama bin Laden&#8221;) In an article on CNN Health, reporters Elizabeth Landau and Madison Park pointed out that all of these feelings were to be expected. Landau and Park polled several psychologists as well as a few New Yorkers to get a better understanding of the public&#8217;s emotional response: For some, bin Laden represents an idea more than a person who lived and died. More than the death of a human being, this ends the life of a powerful symbol of terrorism and destruction, said Nadine Kaslow, psychologist at Emory University. Bin Laden&#8217;s death hits closer to home in the U.S. than the capture and execution of Saddam Hussein, for example, because the Iraqi dictator did not directly attack American soil, she said. The celebratory mood reflects a sense that fairness and justice had been restored and that a terrorist got his comeuppance, said Kaslow. &#8220;I think people feel like this guy got what he deserved. It was a sense that it was &#8216;our family&#8217; that was killed,&#8221; she said. For others, the feeling was less jubilation than closure and relief. Diana Massaroli, who lost her husband Michael in the World Trade Center attack on 9/11, told CNN that the news of bin Laden&#8217;s death imbued her with an &#8220;overall calm that I haven&#8217;t felt in 10 years. I feel better &#8230; like I can start a new chapter in my life.&#8221; For many who were directly affected by the 9/11 attacks, however, the feelings of sadness over the loss of their loved ones cannot be undone by the killing of one man. What&#8217;s more, the terrorist&#8217;s death may resurrect past pain and trigger symptoms of post-traumatic stress in some survivors,<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=32281&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Emotion</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/emotion-mental-health/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2011/05/obl_death_bk_02.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">meredithmelnick</media:title>
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		<title>Study: Botox Users Have Trouble Reading Emotions in Others</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2011/04/25/study-botox-users-have-trouble-reading-emotions-in-others/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2011/04/25/study-botox-users-have-trouble-reading-emotions-in-others/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 25 Apr 2011 20:45:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Meredith Melnick</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Emotion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[botox]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Duke]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[emotion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[empathy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Restylane]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USC]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=31517</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[We all know that Botox injections paralyze facial muscles — which is why it&#8217;s used between the brows to iron out frown lines — and can therefore make users appear less emotional. Now a new study finds that the cosmetic toxin may also make recipients less able to read the emotions of others. Social psychologists say we identify emotions in part by mimicking each other&#8217;s facial expressions. &#8220;When you mimic, you get a window into their inner world,&#8221; said lead researcher David Neal, a psychology professor at University of Southern California, in a statement. &#8220;When we can&#8217;t mimic, as with Botox, that window is a little darker.&#8221; For the new study, researchers conducted two experiments: the first involved 31 women who had received either Botox or Restylane, a dermal filler that smoothes wrinkles but doesn&#8217;t affect facial movement, in Los Angeles (where better to conduct a study on cosmetic procedures?). In a second experiment, 56 women and 39 men were given a topical facial gel that functioned as an &#8220;anti-Botox,&#8221; by augmenting signals from facial muscles. All participants were asked looked at a series of faces on a computer screen and identify the displayed emotions. The researchers found that compared with the Restylane-treated control group, the women who got Botox were less able to read emotions based on facial expression. Meanwhile, the participants who got the gel were better than the others at perceiving emotions. Past research has suggested that muscle-paralyzing treatments also hinder people from feeling their own emotions — which could potentially interfere with their ability to empathize. USA Today reported: A similar study published last year in the journal Emotion said Botox injections may decrease a person&#8217;s ability to feel emotions. That study, conducted at Columbia University, compared Botox and Restylane in 68 people. Its lead author, psychologist Joshua Davis, hasn&#8217;t seen the new study but says the finding &#8220;would suggest that facial expression is an integral component of what we consider our emotional experience. Certainly the concept is one that fits with the research we did.&#8221;<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=31517&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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			<media:title type="html">botox2Cropped</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">meredithmelnick</media:title>
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		<title>Why the Pain of Romantic Rejection Feels Like a Punch in the Gut</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2011/03/28/the-pain-of-romantic-rejection-like-being-punched-in-the-gut/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2011/03/28/the-pain-of-romantic-rejection-like-being-punched-in-the-gut/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 28 Mar 2011 19:30:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Alice Park</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Emotion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[emotions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[love]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[relationships]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=29304</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[There are only a lucky few among us who can’t relate to the intense pain of being rejected by a significant other. If a breakup is unexpected, it’s all the more painful — it can hurt with such intensity that you can’t breathe, as if you’ve been punched in the gut. According to Edward Smith, a psychologist at Columbia University, there’s a reason for that. Along with a team of colleagues, Smith found that intense emotional pain can activate the same neural pathways as physical pain. So being rejected can really hurt in a visceral, physical way as if you’ve really been punched. (More on Time.com: Facebook and Love: Why Women Are Attracted to Guys Who Play Hard to Get) Researchers have recently found that emotional pain — feeling either rejected or sad, or grieving over a lost loved one — can tap into the same nerve networks that give pain its negative tinge. That makes sense — you don’t associate something that hurts, whether it’s an insult from a friend or a snub at work or even rudeness from a stranger, with good feelings. But so far, studies have not linked the negative feelings associated with rejection, for example, with the physical pathway of pain — the circuits that are called up when you stub your toe or spill hot coffee on yourself and are responsible for sending nerve signals from the injury site to the sensory centers in the brain that interpret the message as an ouch! Now, Smith says, the brain images his team produced from 40 volunteers who were recently taken by surprise when their significant other rejected them, shows that the neural pathways involved in rejection and physical pain may overlap. In the experiment, the scientists put the participants through a functional MRI scanner and asked them to rate their pain while performing four tasks. In the rejection portion, they were asked to rate how much they hurt when viewing a picture of their ex and a picture of a good friend with whom they<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=29304&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
	<primary_category>Emotion</primary_category><primary_category_link>http://healthland.time.com/category/mental-health/emotion-mental-health/</primary_category_link><featured_image>http://timewellness.files.wordpress.com/2011/03/10132494rejection3-28-11crop.jpg?w=240</featured_image>
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			<media:title type="html">10132494rejection3-28-11crop</media:title>
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			<media:title type="html">apark7</media:title>
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		<title>Where Does Fear Come From? (Hint: It&#8217;s Not the Creepy Basement)</title>
		<link>http://healthland.time.com/2010/12/16/where-does-fear-come-from-hint-its-not-the-creepy-basement/</link>
		<comments>http://healthland.time.com/2010/12/16/where-does-fear-come-from-hint-its-not-the-creepy-basement/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 17 Dec 2010 00:26:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Meredith Melnick</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Emotion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mental Health]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fear]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[incapable of fear]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[neurology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[science]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://healthland.time.com/?p=19978</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[To the average observer, it would seem that 44-year-old patient &#8220;SM&#8221; was just another typical mother of three: she scores normally on IQ tests, has good language skills and a decent memory. But, according to a paper by neurologists at the University of Iowa, SM is profoundly unusual. Because of a degenerative condition that left her with damage in certain brain structures, researchers say, SM is incapable of feeling fear. The researchers know, because they spent several days trying to scare her silly. They exposed SM to snakes and spiders at a pet store, showed her clips of horror movies like The Shining and The Blair Witch Project, and took her through a haunted house in a former sanatorium. SM&#8217;s fear response? Nonexistent. (More on Time.com: Don&#8217;t Choke: 5 Tips for Performing Under Pressure) In fact, she relished cuddling snakes and had to be stopped from reaching for a tarantula. SM has a genetic condition that has disabled, in both hemispheres, a brain region known as the amygdala, which is involved in processing emotional memories and fear. She has been studied by neurologists for 20 years because her case is so extreme, and has so far been shown to be unable to read social situations that involve fear or to recognize evidence of fear on the faces of others. SM says that she hasn&#8217;t felt afraid since a childhood incident involving a snarling Doberman pinscher. The research team — including Justin S. Feinstein, Ralph Adolphs, Antonio Damasio and Daniel Tranel — theorizes that her condition hadn&#8217;t yet destroyed her amygdala at the time. But what&#8217;s more interesting is her life experience since then, which has often been frightening and dangerous. Her lack of fear has many times caused her to place her own life in danger. The authors write in their case study, published on Dec. 16 by the medical journal Current Biology: As it turned out, SM has encountered numerous events that would be considered fear-inducing or even traumatic in nature. For instance, she has been held up at<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=healthland.time.com&#038;blog=8684427&#038;post=19978&#038;subd=timewellness&#038;ref=&#038;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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